施氮量对花铃期短期渍水棉花叶片气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaf during the flowering and boll-forming stage of cotton under short-term waterlogging

作　　者：郭文琦[1] 刘瑞显[1] 周治国[1] 陈兵林[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第2期362-369,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771279);高校博士点基金(200803070017);农业部农业行业计划项目(nyhyzx07-005)资助

摘　　要：试验于2005~2006在南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行,采用盆栽方法,设置正常灌水（土壤相对含水量为75%±5%）和棉花花铃期短期渍水处理（将正常灌水的棉花增加灌水至盆内有可见明水,持续8 d,然后用导管排出表面水层,使盆内土壤相对含水量逐渐恢复到75%±5%）,每个水分处理设置3个施氮水平（N 0、3.73、7.46 g/pot,分别相当于大田N 02、40、480 kg/hm2）,研究施氮量对棉花叶片气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,与正常灌水处理相比,渍水棉花的叶绿素（Chl）含量、类胡萝卜素（Car）含量和Chl/Car比值显著降低。渍水降低了棉花净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）,降低幅度随施氮水平的提高而增大;渍水结束时,渍水棉花的Pn和Gs均随施氮水平的提高而降低。渍水提高了棉花叶片叶绿素初始荧光（Fo）和非光化学猝灭系数（qN）,降低了最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）,Fo和qN的升高幅度与Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP的降低幅度均随施氮水平的提高而增大。花铃期短期渍水显著降低了棉花生物量和籽棉产量,适量施氮（N 240kg/hm2）可提高渍水棉花的生物量和籽棉产量。The flowering and boll development stage is the key period for cotton yielding.Waterlogging during this stage inhibits cotton development and reduces final yield significantly.Nitrogen is considered to be an effective up-regulatory nutrient for crop growth.The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under a short-term waterlogging for about eight days.Pot experiments were conducted with three N levels,namely N 0,3.73 and 7.46 g/pot （equivalent to N 0,240 and 480 kg/ha）.The results show that chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and the Chl/Car ratio are significantly decreased under the waterlogging,and net photosynthetic rate（Pn） and stomatal conductance（Gs） are reduced and the reduced degree of Pn and Gs are increased with the increase of N application.The minimum fluorescence（Fo） and non-photochemical quenching coefficient（qN） are increased under the waterlogging,while the maximum photochemical efficiency of open photosystem（Fv/Fm）,the quantum yield of electron transport （ΦPSⅡ） and the photochemical quenching（qP） are decreased.The increased degree of Fo and qN,and the reduced degree of Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ and qP are enhanced with the increase of N application.At the time of terminating the waterlogging,the Pn,Gs,Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ and qP of the waterlogged cotton are decreased with the increase of N application,while the Fo and qN behave contrarily.Both biomass and seed cotton yield,which are affected by the waterlogging,are the highest under the N 240 kg/ha fertilization.

关 键 词：棉花 花铃期 短期渍水 施氮量 气体交换参数 叶绿素荧光参数 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]