施氮水平对间作蚕豆锰营养及叶赤斑病发生的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application on manganese nutrition and occurrence of leaf spots of intercropped faba beans

作　　者：鲁耀[1,2] 郑毅[1] 汤利[1] 赵平[1] 董艳[1] 段宗颜[2] 张福锁[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第2期425-431,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30860157);国家"973"计划前期研究专项项目(2008CB117011);公益性行业专项项目(200803030);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B06-04)资助

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验,研究了蚕豆/小麦间作条件下4种施氮水平（N0、45、90、135 kg/hm2）对蚕豆锰营养和叶赤斑病的影响。结果表明：在4种施氮水平下,间作蚕豆与单作相比,蚕豆产量、根际土壤交换锰含量及分枝期蚕豆叶中锰浓度均有显著增加,其中产量提高49.16%~87.77%,根际土壤交换锰含量提高16.27%~35.25%,分枝期蚕豆叶中锰浓度分别提高4.98%~27.75%。间作条件下,施氮也能显著提高蚕豆产量、开花期蚕豆根际土壤交换锰含量和分枝期、成熟期蚕豆叶中锰的浓度,其中施氮90 kg/hm2时最佳。在发病盛期,间作蚕豆叶赤斑病发病率和病情指数分别比单作降低了15.75%和1.5%,而且与蚕豆叶中锰浓度均有极显著的负相关性,相关系数分别为-0.9399和-0.8751;同时高氮（N135 kg/hm2）和常规施氮（N90 kg/hm2）处理蚕豆叶发病率和病情指数均高于低氮（N45 kg/hm2）和不施氮（N0 kg/hm2）处理。Effects of different nitrogen application ratios（N 0,45,90 and 135 kg/ha） on manganese nutrition and leaf spots of faba bean in wheat and faba bean intercropping ecosystem were studied by using the field plot experiments at Yanhe town,Yuxi city,Yunnan Province during the 2005-2006 winter growing seasons.The results indicate that the faba bean yield,NH4OAcMn content in rhizosphere soils and manganese concentration in leaves of intercropped faba bean are significantly increased by 49.16%-87.77%,16.27%-35.25% and 4.98%-27.75% respectively under four different nitrogen application rates compared to those in monocropping.NH4OAcMn content in rhizosphere soils at flowering stage and manganese concentration in leaves at branching stage are significantly increased under the nitrogen application rates（N 45,90 and 135 kg/ha） compared to the no-N application under the intercropping system,and the optimal nitrogen fertilization rate is 90 kg/ha.The incidence and index of leaf spots of intercropped faba bean are reduced by 15.75% and 1.5% at the maximum occurrence stage compared to those in monocropping.There are significant negative correlations between manganese concentration in leaves,and the incidence and the index of leaf spots（the correlation coefficients：-0.9399 and-0.8751 respectively）.The occurrence of leaf spots are increased under higher nitrogen application（N 90 and 135 kg/ha）,compared with that under lower nitrogen application（N 45 and 0 kg/ha）.

关 键 词：施氮水平 间作蚕豆 锰营养 蚕豆叶赤斑病 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学] S436.43[农业科学—园艺学]