“正名”视野下的《白马论》  

White Horse Dialogue:From the Perspective of Rectification of Names

作　　者：何杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学逻辑与认知研究所

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2010年第1期114-124,共11页Studies in Logic

摘　　要：本文根据公孙龙的正名理论解读《白马论》,认为"白马非马"的真正含义是"白马之名全异于马之名",也即"白马之实全异于马之实";并表明无须修改通行《道藏》本的论证顺序,文意原本通畅。White Horse Dialogue（Baima Lun） is normally recognized as a discourse written by Gongsun Long,a representative thinker of the School of Names in late Warring States Period in ancient China.This discourse is well-known for its thesis＂a white horse is not a horse＂（bai ma fei ma）.And this discourse has been interpreted in many different ways within both Chinese and Western literature,owing to their diverse understandings concerning the meaning of the terms＂white horse＂and＂horse＂.In this paper,I will try to interpret this discourse from the perspective of Gongsun Long＇s theory of rectification of names（ming）.First,I elaborate Gongsun Long＇s theory of rectification of names, pointing out that Gongsun Long had distinguished actuality（shi） from thing（wu）,and proposed that a name is to designate an actuality rather than a thing,with a strict corresponding relationship.I also explain that it＇s reasonable to understand the discourse to use Gongsun Long＇s theory of rectification of name.Second,without changing the original sequence of arguments in the discourse,I show the flowing of it and reveal that the real meaning of＂a white horse is not a horse＂,according to the theory of rectification of names,is that＂the name ＇white horse＇ is totally different from the name ＇horse＇＂. Namely,＂the actuality ＇white horse＇ is totally different from the actuality ＇horse＇＂.And it includes two important points：First,the name＂white horse＂,which designates a combination of the actuality＂white＂,as a color,and the actuality＂horse＂,as a shape,is different from the name＂horse＂,which only designates the actuality＂horse＂as a shape. Second,we cannot separate the name＂horse＂from the name＂white horse＂,for it is different from the name＂horse＂which is not combined with the name＂white＂.

关 键 词：公孙龙 白马非马 正名 

分 类 号：B81-09[哲学宗教—逻辑学]