陇东旱塬苹果园养分状况的测定与分析  

Determination and analysis on nutrient status of apple orchard in Eastern Gansu

作　　者：刘小勇[1] 张坤[1] 董铁[1] 张辉元[1] 王发林[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《经济林研究》2010年第1期73-77,共5页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD52B03);甘肃省重大科技专项(0702NKDA036);科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2006GB2G100306)

摘　　要：果园营养状况是合理施肥的基础。为了解甘肃省东部地区苹果园的营养状况,对甘肃省静宁县和泾川县的44个苹果园的土壤和苹果树叶片的营养状况进行了调查与测定。结果表明:土壤中有机质含量偏低,最高值仅为1.33%;全氮含量适宜或偏低;大部分果园土壤中有效磷的含量正常或富余;速效钾含量普遍较高,平均值达到了230mg·kg-1;有效锌、有效铁和有效硼的含量适中,分别为1.23、8.98和0.88mg·kg-1。不同果园土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等速效养分的变异系数明显高于全氮、全磷、全钾,中微量元素明显高于大量元素。土壤pH值>8.0的果园占81.8%,变异系数为2.81%。不同果园苹果树叶片中氮、磷、钾的含量正常;除铁含量较高外,其余微量元素均为适量。不同果园土壤中的硼(13.94～199.27mg·kg-1)、锌(10.31～70.11mg·kg-1)和铜(2.71～21.78mg/kg)含量的差异最大,变异系数分别为86.74%、49.60%和48.96%;锰、镁、钙、铁的变异系数分别为30.48%、28.08%、27.96%、26.31%;全氮、全磷、全钾含量的差异较小。Nutrient status of orchard is the basic of rational fertilization. In order to understand the nutrient status of apple orchards in Eastern Gansu, nutrient status of leaf and soil in the 44 apple orchards of Eastern Gansu was surveyed and determined. The results showed that the contents of organic matters in soil were slightly lower, and the highest level was only 1.33%. The contents of total N in soil were suitable or slightly lower. The contents of available P were suitable or slightly higher in most orchards. The average content of available K was 230 mg/kg, which was high commonly. The contents of available Zn, available Fe and available B were suitable, and reached 1.23, 8.98 and 0.88 mg/kg, respectively. The variation coefficients of contents of alkaline hydrolytic N, available P and available K were obviously higher than those of total N, total P and total K. The variation coefficient of middle microelements was obviously higher than that of major elements. The orchards with over 8.0 of soil pH value accounted for 81.8%. Variation coefficient of pH value was 2.81%. The contents of N, P and K were suitable in leaves from different orchards. The contents of most microelements in leaves were suitable except that that of Fe was higher. The contents of B（13.94-199.27 mg/kg）, Zn（10.31-70.11 mg/kg）and Cu（2.71-21.78 mg/kg）had the greatest differences, Their variation coefficients were 86.74%, 49.60% and 48.96%, respectively. The variation coefficients of Mn, Mg, Ca and Fe were 30.48%, 28.08%, 27.96% and 26.31%, respectively. Differences among contents of total N, total P and K were little.

关 键 词：苹果园 旱地 营养元素 测定 甘肃省东部地区 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S154.1[农业科学—园艺学]