基于地域“景观基因”理念下的古城文化空间认知结构——以西安城市建筑风格为例  

THE CULTURAL SPATIAL COGNITIVE STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT CITY BASED ON REGIONAL "LANDSCAPE GENE"THEORY——A Case Study of Architectural Style of Xi'an City

作　　者：翟文燕 张侃侃[2] 常芳[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省建筑职工大学,西安710068 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [3]西安外国语大学旅游学院.人文地理研究所,西安710128

出　　处：《人文地理》2010年第2期78-80,60,共4页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40471043);陕西省科学技术厅基础研究基金项目(2007D18)

摘　　要：城市建筑是城市景观重要的组成部分,城市的历史形成独有的城市文化,与城市景观相互作用,产生了独特的城市形象,对于实现城市居民的地方认同感、延续地方历史文脉有积极作用。中国文化地理学者创立的地域"景观基因"理念正是解释这一现象的一个新方法,本文采用地域"景观基因"的理念,第一次以古城西安作为研究对象,对西安古城格局、标志性建筑物、传统民居进行分析,目的在于深刻认识古城西安的文化空间认知结构。研究表明:1)西安市的城市建筑文化空间布局深受"风水"文化因子的影响;2)城市布局中轴对称的特点明显;3)西安古城建筑风格的地域文化构成受皇家文化和黄土文化两种景观基因影响。City image makes positive contribution to form local self-identity of urban residents＇ and carries forward history and culture. ＂Landscape gene＂ theory, established by Chinese scholars, is a new way to explain the phenomenon mentioned above. This paper takes Xi＇an ancient city as an example for the first time to verify the ＂landscape gene＂ theory, making researches on pattern of city layout, landmarks and traditional folk house to learn the special cognitive structure of Xi＇an City. Xi＇an is an ancient capital of 12 dynasties. All of these powerful and prosperous dynasties produced far-reaching effects on urban cultural and structure of Xi＇an City. From Han Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasty, Xi＇an City＇s location doesn＇t change much. The long history brings Xi＇an unique special cognitive structure comparing with other city. City is an organic whole, which is developing and updating all the time. Hence, we should find a better way to coordinate history and reality when make a urban planning. As far as Xi＇an, the new architectures and urban pattern should inherit and develop ＂landscape gene＂ to upgrade urban image. It is also helpful to feature city＇s characters. The conclusions have been found as follows： 1） Natural environment effect on Xi＇an location, especially for the ＂feng-shui＂ elements. 2） The layers of halls and palaces spreading out on either side of an invisible central axis. 3） The height, dimensions, colors and other characteristics of Xi＇an ancient architectures all have some common ground, which can be regarded as ＂landscape gene＂.

关 键 词：景观基因 建筑风格 布局形态 空间 西安 

分 类 号：G07[文化科学]