进口贸易、R＆D溢出与中国制造业的就业变动  

Import Trade,R&D Spillovers,and the Change of Employment in China's Manufacturing

作　　者：喻美辞[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2010年第2期3-13,25,共12页International Business Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(08BJL049);华南农业大学校长基金(4700-K09322)

摘　　要：本文利用1996～2005年中国制造业的面板数据,实证分析了进口贸易的R&D溢出对中国制造业的就业总量变动的影响及影响的部门差异。研究结果表明,考虑到进口贸易对国内制造业的R&D溢出效应后,中国制造业从发达国家的进口没有通过替代国内生产而减少就业,相反,进口贸易通过R&D溢出增加了整个制造部门的就业。由于技术进步的两面性和各部门要素密集度的不同,进口贸易的R&D溢出对就业的影响存在明显的部门差异。由于R&D投资回收期长、国内企业的技术吸收能力较弱,国内R&D投资和进口贸易的R&D溢出对就业总量的影响具有显著的滞后性。中国劳动力市场中的趋势效应、价格效应和规模效应的存在,使就业变动呈现动态调整的特征。This paper investigates the impact of foreign R＆D spillovers through import on the change of em- ployment in China＇s manufacturing, using data for a panel of 28 manufacturing industries over the 1996 - 2005 period. The result shows that, if we consider the technology spillovers of import, import from developed coun- tries does not decrease the demand of labour through cutting down domestic product, but raise the rate of employment in China＇s manufacturing. Because of two opposite impacts of technology progress on employ- ment and the different factor intensity, the impact ofR＆D spillovers through import on employment are differ- ent in different sectors. Because of price effect, scale effect, and labour demand trend in China＇s labour market, it exists time lag and dynamics when R＆D spillovers impacts the change of employment in China＇s manufacturing.

关 键 词：进口贸易 R&D溢出 就业 

分 类 号：F746.11[经济管理—国际贸易]