汉语中表示承诺的言语施为动词  

Performative Verbs that Can Express Commitment in Chinese

作　　者：董秀芳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系/汉语语言学研究中心 [2]计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《汉语学习》2010年第2期23-30,共8页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"汉语的词汇化与句法演变"的资助(项目批准号:08CYY022);香港政府研究资助局(Research Grants Council)的资助(项目编号:644507)

摘　　要：本文考察了汉语中表示承诺的几个言语施为动词的语义功能及其历时发展,指出汉语中的言语施为动词在历史上是后起的,一般经历了从非言说动词到言说动词(准确的说是言语行为动词)、再从非施为性的言语行为动词发展为施为性的言语行为动词的过程。本文还比较了不同的言语施为动词在表示承诺时不同的力度等级。This paper analyzes the semantic function of some performative verbs that can express commitment and explores their diachronic development. It is found that performative use of a verb is derived from its non-performative use. An event verb can become a verb of speaking （specifically a speech act verb） over time,first having the descriptive function and then obtaining the performative function. Different performative verbs have different degrees of illocutionary force. It gives the hierarchy of the different commissives （performative verbs that can express commitment） according to their illocutionary force.

关 键 词：言语行为 言语施为动词 承诺词 语义演变 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]