黄土高塬沟壑区沟坡道路侵蚀临界水动力学试验研究  

Experimental Study on Critical Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Road Erosion in Loess Plateau

作　　者：王浩[1,2] 王文龙[1,3] 王贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高塬土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第2期61-65,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B09-01)

摘　　要：道路侵蚀是黄土高塬重要的侵蚀方式,通过野外放水冲刷试验研究了黄土高塬沟壑区沟坡道路侵蚀水力学及产沙特性。结果表明,平均输沙率随坡度和流量的增加而增大,输沙率与坡度之间呈对数关系。水流剪切力在3°～12°的坡度变化中呈增大趋势,在9°～12°其增大趋势变缓。进一步的分析结果表明,道路侵蚀的发生具有一定临界条件。土壤剥蚀率与径流剪切力、水流功率和单宽能耗之间均呈线性关系,其中临界剪切力为2.443N/(m2.min),临界水流功率为0.369N/(m.s),临界单宽能耗为1.993J/(min.cm);对比分析知,土壤剥蚀率与水流功率相关系数最高。Road erosion is an important erosion way in Loess Plateau,and ＂Millennium road into a ditch＂ indicates road erosion plays an important influence of gully evolution.The scouring experiments were conducted to study hydrodynamic and sediment yield characteristic of the road erosion in Loess Plateau.The results showed that the average sediment discharge increased with an increase of discharge of flow and slope gradient,and the sediment discharge had a close logarithmic relation with slope gradient.The flow shear strength increased with their gradient ranging from 3° to 12°,and the trend of increase changes slowly with their gradient ranging from 9° to 12°.Further analysis indicated that road erosion occurred with certain critical conditions.The relationships between soil detachment rate and flow shear stress,stream power and energy consumption of unit width were linear,critical shear stress is 2.443 N/（m^2·min）,critical stream power is 0.369 N/（m·s）,critical energy consumption of unit width is 1.993 J/（min·cm）;Though comparative analysis,there is the highest correlation between soil detachment rate and stream power.

关 键 词：道路侵蚀 剥蚀率 临界剪切力 临界水流功率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]