翁牛特旗文冠果人工林生态过程研究  

Study on Process of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Artifical Forest Ecosystem

作　　者：李海洋[1] 范文义[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第2期102-107,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2006AA12Z104)

摘　　要：研究固定沙地不同龄级文冠果群落生态过程,根据土壤粒度分布特征对土壤风蚀的影响,研究得出不同龄级文冠果地表土敏感颗粒敏感粒径段占易蚀粒径段的相对值大小表现为:撂荒地>5a>18a>33a>44a,在一定程度上认为,该地区大范围的沙尘暴天气的尘源物主要来自撂荒地及栽植人工林生长植被较少的低龄级林地表土颗粒;同时研究固定沙地人工林群落形成和发展过程,尤其对群落中物种侵入过程和群落组织结构在44a间的变化情况做了详细分析,结果表明:人工林文冠果群落不同发育阶段植物丰富度发生了很大变化,从5种增加到17种,一年生植物的地位逐渐下降,禾本科植物个体数增加很快,但种类数所占比例有逐渐减少的趋势,藜科植物比例下降,而豆科、菊科和其他科植物所占比例逐渐增加,总体上44a文冠果人工林生态恢复效果最佳,44a文冠果人工林群落生态优势度为0.2683,物种多样性为2.4605,群落均匀度0.7986;而撂荒地相对最差,物种丰富度S为5种,生态优势度为0.5764,物种多样性为0.9354,群落均匀度0.4231,同时也揭示了植被恢复过程中土壤理化性质的变化。Community of Xanthoceras sorbifolia of different ages on sand-fixing land was studied.The grain characteristic of surface soil was studied to effect of soil size distribution on wind erosion.The result showed that the order of sensitive grain and diameter in sensitive section on the surface soil of Xanthoceras sorbifolia of different ages were：abandoned cropland〉5 a〉18 a〉33 a〉44 a.To a centain degree,the dust sources in this region came from the surface soil grain of abandoned cropland and article forest which has low age and vegetion cover rate.The change of process and community structure of invade species were also studied in beginning and development of article sand-fixing forest.The result showed that the species richness in article Xanthoceras sorbifolia has changed a lot in the defferent developmental stages,and the number of the species were from 5 to 17.The status of annual plants decreased gradually,the individuals abandance of gramineae has increased,but the gramineae plants species proportion has decreased;the chenopodiaceae plants ratio has decreased,but leguminous,compositae and other species plants have increased.The eco-rehabilitation of 44 a article Xanthoceras sorbifolia forest was the best.The value of ecological dominance 44 a Xanthoceras sorbifolia forest was 0.268 3,the species diversity was 2.460 5,and the community evenness was 0.798 6.The eco-rehabilitation of abandoned cropland was the worse.The value of species richness was 5,ecological dominance was 0.576 4,the species diversity was 0.935 4,the community evenness was 0.423 1.At the same time,the change of soil properties were showed in the process of vegetation restoration.

关 键 词：文冠果 沙地 龄级 人工林 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学] S727.23[生物学—普通生物学]