苏丹草—黑麦草轮作制中施肥对饲草产量、氮素吸收及土壤矿质氮的影响  

Effect of Fertilization on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Forage and Mineral Nitrogen in Soil under Sudangrass and Ryegrass Rotation Regime

作　　者：李文西[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 鲁君明 李小坤[1] 占丽平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省洪湖市大同湖管理区农技中心,湖北洪湖434300

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第2期126-130,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)国际合作项目(Hubei-22);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2008BADA4B08)

摘　　要：利用苏丹草-黑麦草轮作的4年大田定位试验研究施肥对饲草产量、氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)明显增加苏丹草、黑麦草产量,2005/2006,2006/2007,2007/2008,2008/2009年度两季饲草产量分别比PK处理(不施氮肥)增加312.9%,339.8%,231.7%,223.1%,分别比NK处理(不施磷肥)增加26.9%,20.2%,23.3%,25.9%,分别比NP处理(不施钾肥)增加17.9%,17.3%,21.7%,23.2%。氮磷钾肥配施可以促进饲草的N素吸收,4个年度饲草氮素总吸收量分别为500kg/hm2,311kg/hm2,450kg/hm2,428kg/hm2,均高于其他处理。氮磷钾肥配施可以提高饲草的氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力,且4个年度中NPK处理均高于NK、NP处理。氮磷钾肥配施维持轮作系统中氮素的平衡,也减少氮素在土壤中盈余,4个年度NPK处理的氮盈余量均低于NK、NP处理。苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中,NK、NP、NPK处理的土壤硝态氮、铵态氮高于CK、PK处理,并且苏丹草试验期高于黑麦草试验期。Effect of fertilization on forage yield,nitrogen uptake and mineral nitrogen in soil under sudangrass and ryegrass rotation regime for four years was studied through the located field experiment.The resulted demonstrated that NPK combination significantly increased fresh yield of sudangrass and ryegrass.Total yield in NPK treatment was the highest in all treatments in the period of 2005 and 2006,2006 and 2007,2007 and 2008,2008 and 2009,and were 312.9%,339.8%,231.7%,223.1% higher than that of PK treatment,and were 26.9%,20.2%,23.3%,25.9% higher than that of NK treatment,were 17.9%,17.3%,21.7%,23.2% higher than that of NP treatment,respectively.NPK combination improved N uptake of forage,and total N uptake in four periods were 500 kg/hm^2,311 kg/hm^2,450 kg/hm^2,428 kg/hm^2,respectively.NPK combination improved apparent use efficiency,agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity from applied N,and were higher than that of NK and NP treatments.NPK combination assured N apparent balance in the rotation and reduce N surplus,and N surplus in NPK treatment for four years were lower than that of NK and NP treatments.In the sudangrass and ryegrass rotation,NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N in NK,NP and NPK treatments were lower than that of CK and PK treatments,and NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N in the sudangrass trial was higher than that of ryegrass trial.

关 键 词：苏丹草—黑麦草轮作 氮素吸收 氮肥利用效率 硝态氮 铵态氮 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S344.16[农业科学—农业基础科学]