华北平原不同农田类型土壤硝态氮累积及其对地下水的影响  

Characteristics of Nitrate Accumulation and Its Effects on Groundwater under Typical Cropping Systems in North China Plain

作　　者：叶灵[1] 巨晓棠[2] 刘楠[1] 张丽娟[1,3] 袁丽金[1] 刘文菊[1] 刘树庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院,保定071000 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [3]国家山区北方农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第2期165-168,178,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:30940048);科技部"863"项目(编号:2008AA06Z315);河北省自然科学基金(编号:C2006000491)

摘　　要：针对华北平原典型农田的传统灌溉施肥带来的肥料浪费和环境污染问题,采集定州保护地蔬菜、小麦-玉米轮作农田土样及相应的地下水样品,研究了不同农田利用类型、保护地蔬菜不同种植年限和不同种植类型的土壤硝态氮的累积及对地下水污染的程度。结果表明,土壤剖面0-400cm范围保护地蔬菜的硝态氮累积量明显高于农田,0-100cm,100-200cm,200-300cm,300-400cm平均为815.0,293.6,394.9,313.4kg/hm2,分别为农田的12.3,3.8,4.6,5.1倍。保护地土壤剖面硝态氮累积量随着棚龄的增加而增加,尤其在0-60cm表现明显,0-100cm和100-200cm老龄棚(>12a)土壤硝态氮累积量分别为815.0,293.6kg/hm2,高于低龄棚(<8a)216.2,11.4kg/hm2。大棚黄瓜的土壤剖面硝态氮累积大于番茄,在根区外深层剖面出现多个明显的累积峰。保护地灌溉水、小麦-玉米轮作农田灌溉水及手压井饮用水NO3-N含量分别为9.6,7.4,10.5mg/L,超标率(>10mg/L)分别为38%,16%,46%,该区域浅层饮用地下水已受到硝酸盐污染。In order to solve the problem of nutrient waste and environmental pollution with traditional fertilization and irrigation to typical farm in north China,this article took plastic greenhouse vegetable and wheat-maize rotation soil samples and corresponding groundwater samples in Dingzhou,analyzed the NO3^--N accumulation of different farm utilization,different plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation age and different plant type and groundwater by the extent of NO3^--N pollution.The results showed that,NO3^--N accumulation of plastic greenhouse vegetable is significantly higher than wheat-maize rotation in 0-400 cm soil profile,NO3^--N accumulation of plastic greenhouse vegetable of 0-100 cm,100-200 cm,200-300 cm and 300-400 cm were：815.0,93.6,394.9,313.4 kg/hm^2,respectively 12.3,3.8,4.6 and 5.1 times than which in wheat-maize rotation.NO3^--N accumulation of plastic greenhouse vegetable increased with the cultivation ages,especially in 0-60 cm.NO3^--N accumulation of old plastic greenhouse vegetable（〉12 years） in 0-100 cm and 100-200 cm were 815.0,293.6 kg/hm^2and 216.2,11.4 kg/hm^2 higher than young plastic greenhouse vegetable（〈8 years）.NO3^--N accumulation of cucumber plastic greenhouse was higher than tomato,and there were significantly many NO3^--N accumulation peaks in deep soil profile.The content of NO3^--N in greenhouse irrigation water,wheat-maize rotation irrigation water and hand press wells were 9.6,7.4,10.5 mg/L,and there were 38%,16% and 46% samples exceeding the maximum permissible limit for drinking water （10 mg/L）.Come to a conclusion that the superficial layer underground water of investigative zone was polluted by NO3^--N.

关 键 词：土壤硝态氮累积 农田利用类型 种植年限 种植类型 地下水污染 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] X523[农业科学—农业基础科学]