18种中草药提取物对褐飞虱和甜菜夜蛾的杀虫活性分析  

Insecticidal activity of extracts from eighteen Chinese traditional herbal plants against Nilaparvata lugens Stl (Homoptera:Delphacidae) and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

作　　者：李秀梅[1,2] 方继朝[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南京210014 [2]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2010年第3期298-306,共9页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究项目(2010CB126100);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803003);江苏省农业科技创新资金重点项目(cx-08-606)

摘　　要：为了筛选对农产品和环境安全、对害虫高效的植物源杀虫剂,分别采用喷雾法和饲毒法,测定了18种中草药的3种溶剂(水、乙醇、石油醚)提取物对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Sta°l的触杀活性和对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua Hbner的胃毒作用。结果表明,各种提取物(0.8g/mL)对甜菜夜蛾的胃毒作用不明显,校正死亡率最高为33.33%;但对褐飞虱的杀虫活性较高,其中百部、黄柏、榧子、生山栀、鹤虱、木香的乙醇或石油醚提取物,对褐飞虱3龄若虫的24h校正死亡率均在80%以上,其石油乙醚提取物的LC50值依次为:0.0826,0.0455,0.0145,0.0047,0.0038,0.0033g/mL。采用系统溶剂法分析发现,木香和鹤虱的主要杀虫活性成分均在氯仿萃取物中,表明其杀虫成分易溶于较弱极性溶剂中。进一步通过活性追踪法,对鹤虱提取物的柱层析各流分的活性检测表明,其杀虫活性成分的Rf值为0.5556～0.5926。该研究为进一步纯化新型植物源杀虫物质并确定其分子结构,从而开发其应用前景及发现新的杀虫活性先导化合物奠定了基础。In order to screen the environment friendly and highly effective insecticide of plant origin,we determined the contact toxicity of 52 extracts from 18 Chinese traditional herbal plants against the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stl,by spray method and their stomach toxicity to Spodoptera exigua.The results showed that all the 52 extracts from the 18 Chinese traditional herbal plants separated with solvents of water,alcohol and petroleum ether had low activity to S.exigua,with the highest corrected mortality of only 33.33%.However,the extracts from Stemona sessilifolia Miq.,Phellodendron chinense Schneid,Torreya grandis Fort,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,Lappula myosotis Moench,and Aucklandia lappa Decne with solvents of alcohol or petroleum ether had high contact activity against the 3rd instar nymphs of N.lugens,with the corrected mortality of ≥80% at 24 h after treatment at 0.8 g/mL,and the LC50 values of their petroleum ether extracts were 0.0826,0.0455,0.0145,0.0047,0.0038,and 0.0033 g/mL,respectively.The bioassay results of systematic solvent extraction from the extracts showed that the insecticidal components of A.lappa and L.myosotis were predominantly present in the chloroform isolation,suggesting that their insecticidal activity components can dissolve in low-polar solvents.By tracking bioactivity of each fraction of the extract from L.myosotis with column chromatography,we found that the Rf limit of the main insecticidal components in the plant was 0.5556-0.5926.This study lays the foundation for purification and confirmation of new insecticidal compounds from plants,including developing their application prospect and detecting novel insecticidal lead compounds.

关 键 词：中草药 提取物 鹤虱 木香 褐飞虱 甜菜夜蛾 杀虫活性 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学]