塔里木河下游表层土壤盐分空间变异和格局分析  

Spatial Variability and Pattern of Surface Soil Salinity in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River

作　　者：杨红梅[1,2] 徐海量[1] 樊自立[1] 李吉玫[1] 牛俊勇[1,2] 张青青[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第3期564-570,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970549,40971284)资助

摘　　要：土壤盐化是造成塔里木河下游天然植被退化的主要因素之一,应用地统计学方法,分析了塔里木河下游表层土壤盐分的空间异质性特征。结果表明,研究区土壤含盐量普遍较高,表层土壤盐分呈现强变异性和具有较强的空间自相关格局,主要受结构性因子影响。空间插值结果表明,表层土壤盐分整体上呈现出条带状的分布格局,局部地区表现出斑块状的空间变异特征。从河流纵向看,表层土壤盐分"两头高,中间低";从河流横向看,离河道越远,盐分越低,地下水埋深逐渐加深,物种数和植被盖度分别表现出与之相应的递减趋势。Soil salinization was one of the main factors that caused the natural vegetation degradation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The study on spatial variability of soil salinity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was carried out for providing the important information for the restoration and rebuilding of the degraded vegetation. Based on geostatistics method, spatial heterogeneity pattern of salinity in surface soil was studied in this paper. The result showed that the salt content in study area was relatively high. The spatial heterogeneity of soil salt was obvious and there was a spatial correlation pattern. Meanwhile the spatial distribution of soil salinity was mainly influenced by the structural factors. The Kriging interpolation result showed salinity in surface soil presented a strip distribution pattern in the study area, while it presented a block distribution pattern in local regions. The salt contents at the sections near the Daxihaizi Reservoir and Taitema Lake were higher than that beyond them, and they declined with increasing distance away from the river channel. Furthermore, groundwater level of the sampling plots near the river channel was higher than that of the sampling pots farther away from the river channel, leading to the decline of the species numbers and vegetation coverage farther away from the river channel.

关 键 词：土壤盐分 空问变异 地统计学 KRIGING插值 塔里木河下游 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]