乌鲁木齐近30a城市与郊区气候参数对比分析  

Comparison of Climate Parameters between Urumqi City and Suburb in Recent 30 Years

作　　者：刘卫平[1,2] 张帆[2] 魏文寿[1,3] 王敏仲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆气象信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第3期681-685,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40475041);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金项目(Sqj20080013)共同资助

摘　　要：利用乌鲁木齐及周边地区7个站点1978—2007年的气象资料,分析乌鲁木齐城市、郊区平均气温、降水量、相对湿度、水汽压的变化特征。研究发现:乌鲁木齐近30 a来城郊平均气温呈上升趋势,城市上升幅度大于郊区,冬季城郊温差逐渐增大,春夏秋3季城、郊温差逐渐缩小。冬季城区温度明显高于郊区,其余3季城市的温度略低于郊区,冬季城市热岛效应明显。乌鲁木齐城郊年降水量差值逐渐增大,其增幅为3.7 mm/10a,其差值最大年为2003年,两地相差181.3 mm。城市相对湿度逐渐减小,郊区相对湿度逐渐增大,城郊之间的差距逐渐增大。城郊水汽压差值均逐渐增大,除冬季外,郊区水汽压均大于城市。Variations of mean temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and water vapor pressure in Urumqi city and suburb are analyzed in this paper based on climate data from seven meteorological stations. The results showed that the annual mean temperature in both regions increased apparently during the last 30 years except for a more obvious increasing trend in city than in suburb. In winter, air temperature in city is remarkably higher than that in suburb, showing strengthened ＂Heat Island Effect＂. The temperature difference between city and suburb is smaller in spring, summer and autumn. The change of temperature differentce between city and suburb during the past 30 years showed increasing trend in winter and decreasing trend in the other three seasons. Besides, the precipitation difference between city and suburb also increased at a rate of 3.7 mm per year in recent 30 years, and showed the highest difference （181.3 mm） in 2003. In this past 30 years, the relative humidity in city gradually decreased, while that in suburb increased, showing ＂Dry Island Effect＂ ; the vapor pressure difference between city and suburb also increased too, and the vapor pressure in suburb was always higher than that in city except in winter season.

关 键 词：热岛效应 气温 降水量 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]