山区生态果园建设对土壤氮磷钾的影响  

Effect of Ecological Orchard Construction on Soil N,P,K Content

作　　者：张丹[1] 刘明德[1] 余东[1] 何海江[1] 陈红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地环境演变与调控重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2010年第2期444-448,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所创新前沿项目;四川省科技攻关项目(03NG020-021)资助

摘　　要：在四川省凉山彝族自治州的西昌市海拔1500 m的半山荒坡地种植系列果树,建设生态果园,以相同坡面的未开垦荒山为对照,研究生态果园建设对土壤NPK变化的影响,探索合理开发利用这些半山荒坡的农业生态模式。用半微量开氏法测定全氮,用氢氧化钠熔融—火焰光度法测定全钾,用氢氧化钠碱熔—钼锑钪比色法测定全磷,用蒸馏法测定速效氮,用比色法测定速效磷,用原子火焰光度法测定速效钾。结果表明:生态果园建设使土壤有机质和NPK元素均有所增加,且在干湿季增加的幅度不同。说明,在四川省凉山州大片的山区种植果树这一生态果园建设方式对提高土壤肥力是有效的,也是提高当地农民收入的一条有效途径。The purpose of this study was to establish the ecological agricultural model of reasonably exploiting and utilizing the semi-mountain waste slope. The different fruit trees including plum, loquat, olive and pomegranate intereropping with Chinese milk vetch, Lucerne, clover and black wheat in ecological orchards were cultivated in semi-mountain waste slope of 1500 m altitude above sea level, city of Xiehang, Liangshan Yi nationality autonomous prefecture,Sichuan prevince,China in 1997. The management had been enhanced since 2002 ,and the orchard area reached to 20 hm2. The waste land located in the same slope side was considered as control. The effect of ecological orchard constrnction on soil NPK was studied. Total N,total P,total K, available N,available P and K were determined by the methods of semi-micro Kjeldabl, molybdenum-antimony colorimetry, flame photometry, steam distillation, colorimetry and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that fruit trees intercropping with different grasses increased the contents of soil N,P,K and organic matter; furthermore the raising level was different between dry and wet season. Our results suggested that the ecological orchard construction method with those fruit trees on the large area of semi-mountain slope was effective in improving soil fertility,and it was an available way for increasing the income of local farmers.

关 键 词：生态果园 土壤NPK 有机质 

分 类 号：S151.95[农业科学—土壤学]