人员密集场所突发火灾事故应急疏散能力分析  

Analysis on the emergency evacuation capabilities in fire accidents ofassembly occupancies

作　　者：任常兴[1] 张欣[1] 张网[1] 吕东[1] 王婕[1] 李晋[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2010年第2期39-43,共5页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：公安部应用创新计划项目(编号:2008YYCXTXSI58)

摘　　要：本文针对人员密集场所空间结构特征和火灾事故特点,从场所的疏散通道、疏散设施、人员聚集特性及应急疏散管理等方面辨识了突发火灾事故人员应急疏散能力的影响因素,给出了场所应急疏散空间的评估因素、评估指标以及以疏散路线、疏散照明和疏散标识为主的场所应急疏散能力检查表,提出以人员群集指数、人员群集流量系数来反映人员群集流动特性。在此基础上,根据火灾蔓延对疏散路径的影响状况将人员密集场所的应急疏散风险划分为较高、一般、较低三级。人员密集场所火灾应急疏散能力评估对于确保火灾中人员的生命安全具有重要的意义,对于场所的疏散优化设计、日常消防监管以及疏散应急预案的合理制定和日常疏散演练具有现实指导意义。According to building structure characteristics and fire accidents figures of assembly occupancies,it was identified and analyzed on the fire emergency evacuation capabilities from the way of evacuation access,means of evacuation,occupancy characteristics,and emergency evacuation management.Some key assessment indexes were put forward,and the safety checklist on evacuation path,emergency illumination and exit signs of assembly occupancy were designed.And it was recommended that people evacuation was characterized by crowded index and flow factor.Furthermore,based on the condition of fire spreading influence on escape routes,evacuation risk levels of assembly occupancies were divided into higher,normal and lower.This study plays a very important role in emergency evacuation plan and drilling,evacuation design and fire safety management fore assembly occupancies.

关 键 词：人员密集场所 火灾 应急疏散能力 评估 

分 类 号：X924[环境科学与工程—安全科学]