实验性糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经病理形态学的动态变化  

Dynamic morphological changes of sciatic nerve in diabetes mellitus rats

作　　者：杨薇[1] 吴江[1] 孙世博[2] 朱丹[1] 白晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第一医院神经内科,吉林长春130021 [2]长春市中心医院急诊科,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《中风与神经疾病杂志》2010年第4期304-307,共4页Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(200705170)

摘　　要：目的通过HE染色在光镜及电镜下观察不同时期实验性糖尿病大鼠(DM大鼠)坐骨神经内膜毛细血管及坐骨神经的形态学改变,来揭示实验性糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经病理学的动态变化。方法采用大鼠腹腔内注射链脲菌素(STZ)溶液,制备实验性糖尿病大鼠模型。将80只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组),成模即刻(0w)组、成模后4w组、8w组、12w组。应用HE染色在光镜和电镜下观察大鼠下肢坐骨神经病理形态学改变。结果造模前DM组和NC组大鼠病理形态学无显著差异;HE染色显示DM组大鼠从4w开始出现神经内膜毛细血管管壁逐渐增厚,管腔不规则,内皮细胞肿胀、变形,随病程延长而逐渐加重;同时也从4w开始出现坐骨神经有髓及无髓神经纤维排列松散,且随病程进展逐渐出现髓鞘变薄、分离、空泡形成,并伴有轴索萎缩。电镜观察结果显示DM组大鼠从4w开始出现毛细血管内皮增厚,基底膜不清楚,周围有炎细胞浸润;同时有髓神经纤维髓鞘板层薄厚不一、分离或脱落,无髓神经纤维轴索内神经丝减少,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网扩张,可见髓样小体,且随病程延长而逐渐加重。结论DM大鼠早期4w时周围神经即可出现明显的病理形态学改变,且其损伤程度随病程的延长而加重。Objective To observe the morphological changes of sciatic nerve in the diabetes mellitus（DM）rats at different time points by HE dye and electroscope.Methods Streptozocin（STZ）（60mg/kg body weight）intraperitoneal injection was applied to make experimental DM rat models.80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group（NC group）,DM 0w group,DM 4w group,DM 8wgroup,DM 12w group.Histopathological changes of sciatic nerve were observered by lightscope with HE dye and electroscope at different time points.Results Compared with the NC group,DM group rats showed no significant differences in morphological changes of sciatic nerve before STZ injection and within 1 month after STZ injection.Since 1 month after STZ injection,the vessel walls of nerve inner membrane capillary in DM group rats began to thicken progressively by HE dye method.It also showed irregular and narrowed vessel lumen and swelling,out-of-shape endothelium cells.It progressed with the advanced DPN course.Simultaneously,myelinated and unmyelinated sciatic nerve fibers of DM group rats also start to line loosely.As the course advanced,they gradually showed thinner and separated myelin sheath.Vacuolus formation and axon atrophy also could be seen.Through electronmicroscope,it was found in DM group rats＇sciatic nerve with thick capillary endothelium,unclear basement membrane,inflammatory cells infiltration,unequal or separated or drop-off myelin sheath,decreased nerve filament inside axon,swollen mitochondria,and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum.It progressed with the advanced DPN course.Conclusion DM rats appeare obviously morphological changes of peripheral nerve in the early period（4w）,and the damages are aggravated with the extension of DM course.

关 键 词：实验性糖尿病大鼠 坐骨神经 病理形态学 

分 类 号：R587.1[医药卫生—内分泌]