垂直流人工湿地系统基质优化级配研究  

Study on Optimization Gradation of Substrates in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands

作　　者：武俊梅[1,2] 张翔凌[3] 王荣[1,2] 徐栋[1] 贺锋[1] 吴振斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《环境科学》2010年第5期1227-1232,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50808172);"十一五"国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07106-002-004);湖北省科技攻关重大项目(2006AA305A03);武汉市科技攻关项目(200860213022)

摘　　要：选取生物陶粒、无烟煤、沸石、钢渣和蛭石为基质,按不同的级配方式填充成基质柱,进行垂直流人工湿地模拟柱净化污水实验.研究表明,粒径分层级配基质对COD的去除率均高于单一粒径基质,其中分层生物陶粒对COD的平均去除率高达72.91%.分层沸石对总氮的净化能力较单一粒径基质有所提高,平均去除率高达91.23%.填充了生物陶粒、沸石和无烟煤的模拟柱对有机物和氮的净化效果和单一基质没有显著性差异(p<0.05).填充钢渣和无烟煤的模拟柱出水pH值均在正常范围内,但是除从上到下依次填充无烟煤、蛭石和钢渣的基质柱外,其它填充钢渣和无烟煤的模拟柱对磷素的净化能力都低于单一基质.种植植物对净化效果没有明显影响.在垂直流人工湿地中,针对水质特点选择高效的级配基质,如分层生物陶粒、分层沸石、分层无烟煤以及生物陶粒、沸石和无烟煤组合,在高水力负荷条件下可获得更好的处理效果.Bio-ceramic,anthracite,zeolite,steel slag and vermiculite were used as substrate according to different kinds of gradation to treat wastewater in vertical-flow constructed wetlands simulation systems. The results show that the removal ability of COD by graded substrates according to particle size are better than single substrates,and average removal efficiency by graded bio-ceramic is up to 72. 91% . The removal rate of TN by graded zeolite,which reaches 91. 23% ,is higher than single zeolite. No significant difference（p〈 0. 05） is detected with regard to organic matter and nitrogen removal between single and combined use of bio-ceramic and zeolite. The pH values in effluents of all columns filled with steel slag and anthracite are within normal limits,but phosphorus removal of all columns filled with steel slag and anthracite are lower than that filled with single substrates,except for the column filled with anthracite,vermiculite and steel slag from up to down. No difference between planted and unplanted systems can be observed. The present results probably provide a basis for vertical-flow constructed wetland design,among which based on the characteristic of wastewater proper selection of high-efficiency graded substrates,e. g. ,graded bio-ceramic,graded zeolite,graded anthracite, combined use of bio-ceramic,zeolite and anthracite,is a guarantee of better performance at a high hydraulic loading rate.

关 键 词：垂直流人工湿地 基质 级配 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]