近50年柴达木盆地气候要素分布特征及变化趋势分析  

Spatial and temporal characteristics and change trend of climatic elements of Qaidam Basin in recent 50 years

作　　者：陈碧珊[1] 潘安定[1] 杨木壮[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学地理科学学院,广州510006

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2010年第5期117-123,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号40671187)资助

摘　　要：用线性估计方法和反距离权重方法对柴达木盆地9个气象站点1958-2007年气温、降水、日照和风速的分布特征和变化趋势进行分析,结果表明:柴达木盆地近50年气温随时间变化呈显著上升趋势,空间分布总体上呈现从南向北递减的趋势,变化趋势为东北部、东南部上升趋势最小,西部、西南部上升幅度最大;多年平均降水量呈微弱上升趋势,空间分布规律从东向西逐渐减少,变化趋势表现为大部分地区降水呈增加趋势,以东部和中部最为明显;年日照时数表现为明显的下降趋势,空间分布从西北向东南少,变化趋势大致从东部向西北方向减少;年平均风速呈明显的下降趋势,空间分布从西向东逐渐降低,变化趋势大部分地区呈减少趋势,大致从中部向东西两侧增加;近50年来柴达木盆地气候总体上呈现暖湿趋势,以东南部最为明显;中部和西部极端干旱地区,由于日照时数和风速的下降,使沙尘暴日数减少,植被有所恢复,生态环境将得到改善。The Linear Estimators Test and Inverse Distance Weighted method were used to estimate the spatial and temporal characteristics and variation trend of surface air temperature,precipitation,sunshine and relative humidity at 9 meteorologic stations of Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province from 1958 to 2007.The main conclusions were as follows：（1）The air temperature remarkably increased over the past 50 years,the magnitude decreased from southern to northern,the long-term trend weakly increased in northeast and southeast regions,but strongly in western and southwestern regions.（2）The precipitation increased weakly over the past 50 years,the magnitude of the precipition decreased from eastern to western regions,the long-term trend increased in most of the study area,especially in middle and eastern regions.（3）The sunshine decreased remarkably over the past 50 years,the magnitude of the sunshine decreased from northwest to southeast regions and the long-term trend decreased from eastern to northwest.（4）The wind speed decreased remarkably over the past 50 years,the magnitude of the wind speed decreased from western to eastern,the long-term teend decreased in most of the study area,increased from middle regions to western and eastern regions.（5）The climate is assumed to be in a tendency to changing into obvious warmth and wet in Qaidam basin in resent 50 years,especially in southeast regions.Due to the sunshine and the wind speed decreasing in central and weatern extremely drought regions,sandstorm days will reduce,vegetation will restore and the ecological enviroment will be improved.

关 键 词：气候要素 时空特征 线性估计方法 反距离权重方法 柴达木盆地 

分 类 号：P618.130.2[天文地球—矿床学]