不同耕作措施下旱地春小麦田和豌豆田的蒸发蒸腾特性及产量效应  

Characteristics of the evapotranspiration and its yield performance of rainfed spring wheat and peas fields

作　　者：王晓娟[1] 黄高宝[2,3] 李卿沛[2,3] 马剑[1] 高亚琴[1] 刘博[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院 [2]甘肃农业大学农业生态工程研究所 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2010年第5期172-177,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"黄土高原丘陵沟壑区保护性耕作技术集成研究与示范"(2006BAD15B06);国家自然基金项目(40771132)资助

摘　　要：为探明土壤水对旱地作物产量形成的有效性,通过田间定位试验研究了不同耕作措施下旱地农田蒸发蒸腾特性及产量效应。结果表明:免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)能够增加作物生长期间总蒸散量(ET),麦-豆和豆-麦两种轮作序列下春小麦田和豌豆田的总蒸散量均表现为免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)>传统耕作(T)>免耕(NT)>传统耕作加秸秆覆盖(TS)。传统耕作土壤棵间蒸发量(E)均高于保护性耕作,春小麦田的土壤棵间蒸发量表现为TS>T>NT>NTS,棵间蒸发量占总蒸散量的比率(E/ET)依次为53.8%,48.8%,37.2%,34.9%;豌豆田棵间蒸发量表现为T>TS>NTS>NT,棵间蒸发量占总蒸散量的比率依次为44.1%,40.9%,35.1%,33.3%。蒸散量及腾发比与产量和WUE在其主要受影响的月份呈正相关关系,且产量与WUE随蒸散量与腾发比的增加而增加。In order to verify the efficiency of the soil water to the production formation of the dryland crops,the properties of evapotranspiration and its yield performance of the rainfed wheat-pea rotation system under the circumstance of diverse cultivation measures by a 7-year field experiment were conducted.The results showed that：NTS can raise the evapotranspiration in the period of crop growing.For the two W/P,P/W rotation systems,the total evapotranspirations of both of the spring wheat field and pea field in the seventh year perform as NTS〉T〉NT〉TS.The evapotranspiration of the evaporation of conventional tillage（T）is higher than that of protective cultivation.The evaporation of spring wheat performs as TS〉T〉NT〉NTS,the percentages of the evaporation in the total evapotranspiration are 53.8%,48.8%,37.2%,34.9%;The evaporation of peas performs as TS〉T 〉NT〉NTS,and the percentages of the e vaporation in the total evapotranspiration are 44.1%,40.9%,35.1%,33.3%.The ET and the T/E have a positive correlation to the yield performance and WUE.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 蒸发 蒸腾 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]