中国葡萄产业面临的历史任务:加快由数量型向质量型转变  

Historic task for China’s viticulture: transformation from quantity—focused pattern to quality-oriented one

作　　者：罗国光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学果树系,北京100193

出　　处：《果树学报》2010年第3期431-435,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

摘　　要：改革开放30年来的持续努力和巨大成就,使中国已发展成为世界葡萄生产大国,按葡萄面积和年产量计,中国已分别跃居世界第5和第2位(2008年),按鲜食葡萄生产规模已多年居世界第一。但是在葡萄品质方面还有相当差距,在世界葡萄产品贸易中所占比重很小。扼要分析了葡萄生产中存在的问题,指出由数量型向质量型转变是中国葡萄产业面临的历史任务,其关键在于坚持无公害优质栽培。提出了当前进一步提高葡萄品质的途径:按定向栽培要求改进综合栽培技术,包括坚持产品安全要求、克服和防止滥用植物生长调节剂的错误倾向。除了技术问题外,提高葡萄产业的组织化程度问题应予认真关注。The People＇ s Republic of China has become one of the largest grape producers in the world thanks to its continuous efforts in developing viticulture during recent 30 years with adopting the Open Policy. This paper gave a brief summary on its splendid achievements during nearly sixty years. Especially in recent 30 years a rapid increase in grape area and pro- duction has been observed with establishment of large-scaled production bases and new grape plantings in both north and south China. The grape variety constitution has been much improved, and so have the propagation and cultural practices, the grape quality, and grape storage and processing. The wine grape-growing and wine-making industry has been developing very rapidly. Protected grape cultivation has got much progress, and the grape and wine tourism is being more and more attracting. Scientific research and teaching activities have been contributing a lot to the development of viticulture and enology in China, which have experienced radical change of long-term backwardness and are showing now a picture of prosperity. According to the latest statistics for 2008, China ranks the top fifth place in the world by grape area and the second place by grape production. As to table grape production, China has ranked first for many years. However, there are obvious disparities in grape quality and very low ratio in international trade market. Analyzing briefly the problems existed, the author stressed that the historic task for China＇s viticulture is transformation from quantity-focused pattern to quality-oriented one, where the key point is to insist growing grapes of high quality without pollution. The Directed viticulture with integrated measures has been suggested for further improvement of the grape quality, including strict healthy requirement with prevention against overuse of the plant growth regulators. The improvement of organization and cooperation in viticulture should also be considered.

关 键 词：中国 葡萄产业 葡萄优质栽培 鲜食葡萄生产 植物生长调节剂 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]