棉花霜前皮棉产量主位点组遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Major Loci Groups of Pre-frost Lint Yield in Upland Cotton

作　　者：艾尼江[1,2] 朱新霞[1,3] 管荣展[1] 万英[2] 张天真[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室/棉花研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]新疆石河子棉花研究所,832000 [3]新疆石河子大学生命科学院,832000

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第5期736-743,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2006CB101708);江苏省创新学者攀登项目(BK2008036);高等学校创新引智计划(B08025)项目资助

摘　　要：选用不同来源的6个棉花品种作亲本,按照Griffing P(P–1)/2不完全双列杂交方法配制15个杂交组合。应用QTL检测体系的主位点组基因型和基因效应,估计主位点组霜前皮棉产量杂种优势并分析有利位点组与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,霜前皮棉产量主位点组解释的变异占表型变异的36.79%,主位点组与环境互作解释的变异占表型变异的33.46%,环境解释的变异占表型变异的10.37%,微位点组解释的变异很低,占表型变异的3.27%。6个棉花品种的霜前皮棉产量的遗传受5个主位点组基因控制,其加性效应(aJ)分别为5.99**、-1.26**、-0.92**、-0.75和3.01,显性效应(dJ)分别为2.55**、4.16**、7.95**、5.32**和-7.71**,各主位点组基因的效应方向、大小不等。主位点组中亲优势变幅15.55%～133.56%,平均63.34%,高亲优势变幅15.39%～93.82%,平均44.56%。棉花霜前皮棉产量杂种优势主要取决于主位点组基因的杂合性。在棉花育种实践中,通过分析亲本及组合的主位点组基因型,能够得到有价值信息。配制早熟、高产杂交组合的同时,结合分子聚合设计育种,把优质、抗病虫、抗逆等性状集于一体,可培育出综合性状优良的常规品种,从而提高育种效率。Early-maturity is closely related to yield and quality of cotton. Cotton growing season in the north of China, especially in the early-maturing cotton area, is short. So early-maturity has decisive significance for the improvement of yield and quality of cotton in this specific area. In the special ecological environment of northern Xinjiang cotton growing region and the Yellow River growing region with wheat-cotton interplanting, improving the pre-frost lint yield primarily depends on the early-maturing cotton varieties with, shorter growth period and more pre-frost boll numbers. In the early-maturing Upland cotton area, pre-frost lint yield largely determines the proportion of high-quality cotton. However, research on molecular breeding for cotton earliness is still lacking at home and abroad. The early-, mid- and late-maturing materials with large genetic differences were used as parents in this study. The genotypes and the relative genetic effects of major loci groups based on Quantitative Trait Loci （QTL） detection system were first adopted to estimate the magnitude of heterosis for pre-frost lint yield, and to analyze the relationship between favourable loci groups and heterosis. According to Griffing’s P（P–1）/2 Incomplete Diallel Cross design, fifteen combinations were made by six cotton varieties from different origins. The results showed that the phenotypic variations explained by major loci groups （G）, G×E, environment （E） and minor loci group were 36.79%, 33.46%, 10.37%, and 3.27%, respectively. The pre-frost lint yield was controlled by five isolated major gene loci groups with additive effects of 5.99^＊＊, –1.26^＊＊, –0.92^＊＊, –0.75, and 3.01; and dominant effects of 2.55^＊＊, 4.16^＊＊, 7.95^＊＊, 5.32^＊＊, and –7.71^＊＊, respectively. Mid-parent heterosis of lint yield for major loci groups ranged from 15.55 to 133.56%, with an average of 63.34%, whereas high-parent heterosis ranged from 15.39% to 93.82%, with an average of 44.56%. Pre-frost lint

关 键 词：棉花 霜前皮棉 主位点组 遗传效应 主位点组×环境互作 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]