种植密度对不同玉米品种叶片光合特性与碳、氮变化的影响  

Effects of Panting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Changes of Carbon and Nitrogen in Leaf of Different Corn Hybrids

作　　者：陈传永[1] 侯海鹏[1] 李强[2] 朱平[2] 张振勇 董志强[1] 赵明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]吉林省农业科学院环境与资源研究中心,吉林公主岭136100 [3]山东省德州市农业科学院,山东德州253500

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第5期871-878,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB118605);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A13);国家自然科学基金项目(30971726)资助

摘　　要：选用玉米品种先玉335、郑单958和吉单209,设计了6.0、7.5、9.0和10.5万株hm-24个种植密度。测定了不同生育时期(吐丝期为重点)的叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、全氮含量与碳氮比的动态变化。结果表明,3个品种的叶片叶绿素含量在灌浆期最高,可溶性糖含量在吐丝期最高,碳氮比在吐丝期与成熟期出现2个高峰;叶绿素含量、灌浆期光合速率、叶片可溶性糖、全氮、碳氮比均随种植密度增加而降低;吐丝后光合速率呈下降趋势;吐丝后生育天数与叶绿素含量、光合速率、可溶性糖、C/N呈二次曲线关系,与全氮含量呈线性关系;高种植密度主要影响叶片碳代谢;叶绿素含量不是影响吐丝后光合速率的主要因素。不同基因型耐密性不同,先玉335最好,郑单958次之,吉单209最差。The main objective of this research was to analyse the effects of plant population on the dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics, soluble sugar content, carbon and nitrogen in corn leaf （Zea mays L.）. Field experiments were conducted in Gongzhuling, Jilin province. Three corn hybrids were cultivated at 60 000, 75 000, 90 000, and 105 000 plants ha^-1. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. Plant density was the main-plot and hybrids were the subplot. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, contents of carbon and nitrogen in corn leaf were measured at different stages, especially after silking. The results indicated thatthe chlorophyll content, the photosynthetic rate in grain filling stage, soluble sugar content, leaf total nitrogen decreased in all hybrids with the increase of plant density. It showed that transmission rate reduced, the leaf senescence accelerated, physical activity declined as plant density intensified. During the growth period, chlorophyll content was changed in a single peak curve, with the peak at grain filling. The peaks of carbon-nitrogen ratio appeared at silking and ripening respectively. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar content, ratio of carbon to nitrogen in corn leaf indicated a quadratic relationship with increasing days after silking. Total nitrogen in corn leaf decreased linearly in all hybrids as days after silking increased. High plant density had great effect on carbon metabolism. The chlorophyll content had no or little effect on the photosynthetic rate after silking. The results showed the dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics, contents of carbon and nitrogen were different as plant density intensified. The tolerance to planting density is Xianyu 335〉Zhengdan 958〉Jidan 209.

关 键 词：春玉米 密度 叶绿素 碳氮比 光合速率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]