雪青梨适宜冬季修剪量及枝条再生率研究  

Study on Appropriate Amounts of Winter Pruning and Shoot Regenerating Rates in Xueqing Pears

作　　者：张建光[1,2] 许建锋[1,2] 张江红[1,2] 刘玉芳[1] 赵明新[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省梨工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第12期197-199,共3页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项"梨"高改"及高效生产技术研究"(梨3-38);科技部科技支撑项目"主要果树高效标准化技术研究"(2008BAD92B08)

摘　　要：在良好的栽培管理条件下,六年生雪青梨树冬季修剪量(去枝量)以40%左右为宜。冬季修剪后,树上总留枝量平均为216.7个,果枝留量121.3个,生长枝与结果枝比例为1:1.3。全树平均花序留量为207.7个,按照丰产优质标准,疏果后每株平均留果85.3个,当年平均产量26.4kg/株,达到了幼树早期丰产的要求。在结果的同时,当年果枝形成率可达到47.1%,完全能够满足翌年丰产的需求。采用上述程度冬剪后,生长季枝条再生率(新生枝增加的比率)达到61.4%,生长季枝果比为4.1:1。冬剪对枝类比有一定的影响。冬季修剪前树冠长、中、短枝比率为24.8%、14.9和59.9%;冬剪后人为变化为15.7%、18.2%和66.2%,冬剪相对去枝量分别占原长枝、中枝和短枝数量的61.6%、26.0%和33.0%。然而,由于生长季新生枝条的出现和增加,长、中、短枝比例又恢复为25.5%、13.8%和60.7%,基本与上年冬剪前相同。采用上述方法修剪后,当年发生的新梢总数与上年修剪前枝条总数基本持平,说明若仅从维持生长与结果相对平衡的角度考虑,上述修剪量较为适宜。Under desirable growing conditions, the amounts of shoots removed during winter pruning should be 40% or so with 6-year-old Xueqing pears. After winter pruning, 216.7 shoots per tree was averagely left with 121.3 bearing shoots. And the rate of growing shoots to bearing shoots was 1：1.3. The number of average clusters remained was 207.7 per tree and 85.3 fruits were eventually left after thinning. The yield of 26.4kg/ tree was obtained at harvest, which attained the requirement of higher yield according to the current standard for young pear plantings. Simultaneously, 47.1% bearing shoots formed, which could absolutely meet the bearing need for next year. By applying the present pruning severity, the shoot regenerating rate reached 61.4% and the proportion of shoots to a fruit became 4.1：1. Winter pruning could alter the composition of different types of shoots. For example, the percentage of long-shoots, medium-shoots and spurs was 24.8%, 14.9% and 59.9%, respectively, prior to pruning treatment, but the rate changed to 15.7%, 18.2% and 66.2%, respectively, after winter pruning by removing 61.6% long-shoots, 16.0% medium-shoots and 33.0% spurs. However, after a growing season, the percentage was restored to 25.0%, 13.8% and 60.7%, respectively, which was almost the same as that one year ago before winter pruning. By means of this pruning method, the total shoot amounts of two years before winter pruning were approximately the same, indicating that the pruning severity was appropriate for sake of the relative balance between growing and bearing of young pear trees.

关 键 词：梨 雪青 冬季修剪 枝条再生率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]