梨园地被植物与天敌的种类及其数量关系  

The Relationship between Groundcover Plants and Natural Enemies of Species and Quantity in a Pear Orchard

作　　者：刘奇志[1] 张丽娟[1] 杜小引[1] 李振茹 亓丽萍 谢娜[1] 梁林琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院昆虫系,北京100193 [2]北京市大兴区果品产销协会,北京102600

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第12期209-215,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目"昆虫线虫修复生物污染土壤技术探索"(2006AA06Z354);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD92B08);北京市政府购买科技服务项目"果园地被植物引进及利用模式研发与示范"(2007DA903B03-07);北京市科委科技计划项目"大兴区梨产业优化升级关键技术研究"(D070504404101)

摘　　要：为选择适宜的地被植物吸引天敌进入梨园,麦收前用扫网法调查北京大兴善庄梨园10种不同地被植物吸引天敌的种类和数量。结果显示,该梨园的10种地被植物共吸引11种天敌,茧蜂和瓢虫为其中的两大主要类群。万寿菊吸引的天敌种类最多(7种),美国薄荷和白三叶次之(6种);灰菜吸引的麦蚜茧蜂数量最多(占总天敌数量的99.2%),草莓除吸引麦蚜茧蜂和瓢虫外,还吸引舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂;紫花苜蓿、紫苏和灰菜吸引的天敌总体数量最多(4头/m2)。经推算,每株梨树下种植6m2的地被植物,可吸引10头以上天敌上树,可允许的害虫阈值达0.2头/叶以上。建议梨园选万寿菊、美国薄荷、白三叶、紫苏和草莓为地被植物,合理利用葎草、杂草(各吸引天敌4种)和灰菜。For selecting suitable groundcover plants to attract natural enemies in pear orchards, 10 kinds of groundcover plants were investigated by sweep-net method before wheat harvest in Wei Shan-zhuang, Da Xing region, Beijing, China. The results showed that, in the pear orchard, 10 kinds of groundcover plants attracted 11 species of natural enemies, among which, aphid cocoon wasp and ladybird were two major groups. Among of groundcover plants, marigold （Tageles erecta） attracted the most amount of natural enemy species （7 species）, Monarda diclyma and white clover （Trifolium repens） were the second most ones to attract natural enemy species （6 species of each）. Chenopodium album attracted aphid cocoon wasp at the most quantity （99.2% of total amount of natural enemies）. Besides aphid cocoon wasp and ladybird, strawberry attracted Coceygomimus disparis as well. Alfalfa, Perilla fruteseens and Chenopodium album were the species that attracted the most total amount of natural enemies （4 individuals/m2）. It was calculated that the groundcover plants of 6 m2 per pear tree could attract more than 10 individuals of natural enemies, in which the permissible pest threshold could reach to more than 0.2 indi/leaf. It was suggested that： selecting marigold, Monarda dielyma, white clover, perilla and strawberry as grundcover plants in pear orchard; utilizing Humulus japonicus, ruderal weed（each attracted 4 kinds of natural enemies）and Chenopodium album properly.

关 键 词：梨园 地被植物 天敌种类 天敌数量 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]