中国蛤蜊的家系建立及早期生长发育  

Studies on establishment of families and their early growth and development for surf clam Mactra chinensis Philipi

作　　者：闫喜武[1] 王琦[1] 张跃环[1] 霍忠明[1] 赵越[1] 杨凤[1] 张国范[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第4期521-530,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2006AA10A410);辽宁省重大科研项目(990387);辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(2007T104)

摘　　要：采用不平衡巢式设计建立了中国蛤蜊家系(7个父系半同胞家系和21个全同胞家系:A1、A2、A3……G1、G2、G3),并对各家系的卵径、受精率、孵化率及生长、存活和变态等相关指标进行了分析。结果表明,各家系蛤蜊的卵径、受精率、孵化率及D形幼虫大小均无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同发育阶段各家系的个体大小不同,生长速度不同,并受父本效应、母本效应及雄内雌间作用的影响。幼虫浮游期,G1壳长最大,生长速度为(10.04±1.67)μm/d;A2壳长最小,生长速度为(6.07±1.32)μm/d。幼虫匍匐期,B3生长最快,其生长速度为(29.93±3.67)μm/d;D1生长最慢,其生长速度为(16.72±2.73)μm/d。稚贝期,G3壳长最大,生长速度为(83.14±5.85)μm/d;A2、A3的壳长较小,其生长速度分别为(57.78±5.44)μm/d,(55.86±4.48)μm/d。幼虫浮游期,A2、C1、E3、F2、G1、G2的存活率较高(>85%),B2、D1存活率较低(<35%);稚贝培育期,G1存活率(70.40%)最高;A1(23.40%)、C2(20.90%)、F1(19.30%)的存活率较低。变态期间,各家系的生长速度不同,G1、G3生长速度较快,分别为(7.94±1.53)μm/d、(7.96±1.52)μm/d;D1生长速度最慢,仅为(5.23±0.75)μm/d。各家系的变态率不同,B1、E1、G2变态率均在80%以上,E2(41.24%)、F1(43.25%)变态率较低。各家系的变态规格存在差异,随着变态时间的延长变态规格小型化;G1、G2、G3变态规格最大(240μm),变态时间最短(13d);D1变态规格最小,仅为(226.65±5.65)μm,变态时间最长(17d)。综合各家系生长、存活等早期表型性状,G3生长最快,F2存活率最高,G1产量最高,可进一步作为中国蛤蜊的育种材料。A total of 7 half-sib families and 21 full-sib families（A1,A2,A3…G1,G2,G3） of sunray surf clam Mactra chinensis Philipi were established by using the method of unbalanced nest design in Sept.2007.Phenotypic traits of different families,such as egg-diameter,fertilization rates,hatching rates,and larval and juvenile growth,survival and metamorphosis were analyzed.The results showed that egg-diameter,fertilization rates,hatching rates,and D larval size were non-significantly different among families（P0.05）.Considering growth,growth was varied at different development stages for each family and was influenced by maternal effect,paternal effect and male within female effect.G1 had the largest shell length with the growth rate of（10.04 ± 1.67） μm/d;whereas A2 had the smallest shell length with（6.07 ± 1.32） μm/d during pelagic period of larvae.B3 grew fastest in filial generation of family with（29.93 ± 3.67） μm/d;whereas D1 grew slowest in filial generation of family with（16.72 ± 2.73） μm/d during plantigrade period.G3 had the largest shell length with the growth rate（83.14 ± 5.85） μm/d;whereas A2,A3 of juvenile indoor period had the smallest shell length with growth rate of（57.78 ± 5.44） μm/d,（55.86 ± 4.48） μm/d respectively.Considering survival,A2,C1,E3,F2,G1 and G2 had higher survival rate（ 85%） in filial generation of family,whereas B2,D1 had lower survival rate（ 35%） in filial generation of family during pelagic period of larvae.G1 had the highest survival rate（70.40%） in filial generation of family,whereas A1（23.40%）,C2（20.90%）,F1（19.30%） had lower survival rate in filial generation of family during juvenile indoor period.Considering metamorphosis,growth rate was varied for each family,the growth rate of G1and G3 was（7.94 ± 1.53） μm/d,and（7.96 ± 1.52） μm/d respectively,but the growth of D1 was only（5.23 ± 0.75） μm/d.B1,E1 and G2 had higher metamorphosis（ 80%） in filial generation of family,whereas E2（41.24%）,and F

关 键 词：中国蛤蜊 家系 生长 存活 变态 

分 类 号：Q31[生物学—遗传学] S917[农业科学—水产科学]