长心卡帕藻四分孢子发育成配子体的形态建成观察  

The morphogenesis of gametophyte of Kappaphycus alvarezii

作　　者：庞通[1,2] 刘建国[1] 林伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第4期531-539,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(30771638);国家海洋行业公益性科研重点专项资助(200705010)

摘　　要：2007年11月到2009年4月在海南黎安,以养殖多年的红褐色长心卡帕藻为材料,跟踪观察了四分孢子形成、释放、萌发以及配子体苗形态建成过程。结果表明,(1)该长心卡帕藻被确定为四分孢子体,四分孢子形成和释放主要发生在夏季和秋季(2008年4月到2008年10月)。(2)人工诱导可促使四分孢子萌发并形成胚苗,胚苗色泽出现明显分化,有红褐色、黄绿色、深绿色、黄绿—红嵌合等不同类型。(3)四分孢子萌发率达到87.1%±7.2%,培养皿内胚苗平均日生长率为(6.3±1.1)%/d,在四分孢子萌发10d左右假根出现并于培养30d左右消失。(4)胚苗经过约5个月实验室培养发育成的配子体苗达到了下海挂养程度大小,在海上培养初期配子体苗日生长率大多在10%/d以上,最高可达21.2%/d,但随着藻体长大生长速率逐渐下降。经过4个多月海上挂养栽培,获得了藻枝形态、粗细、疏密程度和生长速率等差异明显的多种配子体,部分配子体活力和抗逆性比其母本有显著增加。The formation,release and germination of tetraspores,together with the morphogenesis of gametophyte of Kapphycus alvarezii were investigated in Lian Bay,Hainan Province,China from November,2007 to April 2009.The results showed the brown Kappaphycus alvarezii,originally gained from Phillippines in 1985,were tetrasporophytes and the tetraspores were mainly formed and released from April to October.Both tetraspore germination and embryogenesis could be induced artificially in the laboratory and great variations of embryos in color from brown red,yellow-green,olivine green to olivine-brown chimera were observed.Rhizoids were formed and then disappeared during the embryogenesis period.The germination rate of tetraspores was about 87.1% ± 7.2% and the mean specific growth rate of embryos was about 6.3% ± 1.1 % /d for indoor dish culture.After 160 days indoor cultivation,the germinated tetraspores developed to young gametophytes.Then,20 young gametophytes were cultured on the soften raft in the sea.The average specific growth rate measured was over 10% /d in the first month culture in the sea,and the highest specific growth rate for young gametophytes was over 21.2 % /d.However,the specific growth rate gradually reduced accompanied with the frond increase in size in the following cultivation.Four types of gametophytes with different morphology,density of branches and growth rate were obtained as follows：TypeⅠ shows thick buds,cylinder-shaped trunk,taper terminal,and sparse branches.Type Ⅱ shows thin buds,cylinder-shaped trunk,blunt terminal,sparse branches.Type Ⅲ shows thin buds,cylinder-shaped trunk,taper terminal,and dense branches.Type Ⅳ shows thin buds,cylinder-shaped trunk,oblate terminal stem,taper terminal,and dense branches.During our experimental period,a large scale of ice-ice disease broke out,and the vitality and resistance to the ice-ice disease in some strains of the gametophytes improved significantly compared to their parent plants.

关 键 词：长心卡帕藻 四分孢子 日生长率 配子体 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学] S917[农业科学—水产科学]