江苏油菜科学技术发展50年  

Fifty Years Experience of Development of Cultivars and Cultivation of Oilseed Rape in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：戚存扣[1] 傅寿仲[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2010年第2期430-436,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部农业科技跨越计划项目(2009跨10);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2009304);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[CX(09)636]

摘　　要：对江苏省近50年（1959~2009）油菜品种改良、栽培技术发展进行了总结。江苏油菜栽培技术发展,从总结群众经验起步,逐步研究建立了以＂看苗诊断（施肥、管理实践）＂为核心的＂油菜‘三发’栽培技术＂、以＂小群体、壮个体、高积累＂为路线的＂油菜群体质量栽培技术＂和以＂降低成本、提高效益＂为目标的＂油菜保优、轻型、简化、高效栽培技术＂等技术体系,并在生产上推广应用。江苏油菜品种改良经历了＂甘蓝型油菜品种替代白菜型油菜品种＂、＂优质品种替代非优质品种＂和＂杂交油菜替代常规油菜＂3个阶段。每一次品种更替的结果都是产量和品质的提升。是品种和栽培技术的发展引导油菜从＂小作物＂走向＂大作物＂,推动了油菜产业的持续发展。Fifty years（from 1959 to 2009） experience of development of cultivars and cultivation of oilseed rape in Jiangsu Province was summarized in this paper.Development of cultivation techniques of oilseed rape was started from gathering farmers＇ experience.Consequently,＂three cultivation strategies＂ technically for high yielding were developed.The core of each of the strategy is that a decision of field management and fertilizer application made is based on the judgment of individual plant and population growth status and their developing potential by means of inspection.After that,＂technological system of population quality development＂ was constructed.Recently,＂technology of field management of quality guarantee characterized with cost saving＂ was set up.It was the application of the technology that made oilseed rape production growing up rapidly.Historically,three major periods of cultivar substitution including ＂Brassica campestris substituted by B.napus during 1960＇s＂ and ＂non-double low transition to double low quality in the end of 1980＇s＂ and ＂conventional cultivation substituted by hybrids＂ had been experienced in the process of oilseed rape cultivar development.As a result,the seed yielding and quality in production scales of oilseed rape were raised significantly by each substitution.Oilseed rape used to be termed a ＂small crop＂ in the past time.It has become one of the four major crops in Jiangsu now.So,the development of cultivar and cultivation in past 50 years has made a great contribution to the sustainable development of oilseed rape industry in Jiangsu.

关 键 词：江苏省 油菜 品种改良 栽培技术 发展 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]