农村民居震害特点及其抗震防灾启示  

Earthquake Damage Characteristics of Rural Residences and Earthquake Disaster Prevention Inspiration

作　　者：雷静雅[1,2] 杨辉[3] 韩晓光[1,2] 胡坚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地震研究所,武汉430071 [2]地壳运动与地球观测实验室,武汉430071 [3]武汉大学设计研究总院,武汉430072

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2010年第5期67-70,共4页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：湖北省地震重点监视防御区农村民居抗震技术研究(IS200926025)

摘　　要：结合多年来在湖北省内3.0～6.0级地震的地震应急宏观考察,及2008年汶川8.0级地震时在四川省的地震应急宏观考察,通过对农村民居的震害调查,根据农村民居的震害现象(砖木结构的掉瓦,墙体破坏,预制板脱落,栏杆、女儿墙等附属构件的破坏等),总结其震害特点,分析其震害原因。提出了目前我国农村民居抗震设防存在的一些问题,如承重体系不合理,不设圈梁、构造柱,墙体转角处不采取拉结措施,户与户之间的间距不合理等。并由此得到农村民居抗震防灾的几点启示:①加大农居抗震知识的宣传,提高农民的抗震防灾意识;②加强农村建筑市场的监控和管理,对建筑工匠进行相应的培训;③积极推进地震安全农居工程的实施。In combination with earthquake emergency macro investigations on Hubei Province over the past years and earthquake magnitude 8 in Wenchuan, earthquake magnitude from 3 -6 in Sichuan Province on through the rural earthquake damage exploration in site to find out various damage phenomena of may 12, 2008, rural buildings, e.g. tiles to be vibrated to fall from the roof of brick-wood structures, various wall-body cracks, profabricated boards to be separated to drop from wall bodies, as well as the other damages like rails, parapets etc. , the authors summarize the damage characteristics, analyze the reasons to cause lems need to be resolved, such as the load-bearing damage, and suggest that several existing probsystem of houses is unreasonable, the ring beams and structure columns are not set, tension-joint measures in the wall corners are not taken, and the distance between households is not sized enough. For earth disaster prevention in rural residential areas, three inspirations are concluded： （1） to increase knowledge about rural residential earthquake, improve the farmers＇ awareness of earthquake disaster prevention; （2） to strengthen the rural construction market monitoring and management, as well as construction craftsmen training; （3） to actively promote earthquake safe rural habitat project implementation.

关 键 词：农村民居 震害特点 抗震能力 抗震防灾 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]