灌水量及留茬对绿洲不同种植模式耗水总量及棵间蒸发量的影响  

Effects of irrigation quantity and stubble mulch on water consumption and soil evaporation under different cropping patterns in the oasis region

作　　者：刘海亮[1] 柴强[1] 于爱忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2010年第2期69-73,共5页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD46B06;2007BAD89B17);国家自然科学基金(30771264);甘肃省中青年基金(3YS061-A25-021)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究了不同供水水平下单作小麦（SW）、单作玉米（SC）、高留茬收割覆盖小麦间作玉米（WCM）和不留茬小麦间作玉米（WC）的耗水特性.结果表明,不同种植模式耗水总量由大到小依次为：WC〉WCM〉SC〉SW;与SW和SC加权平均对应相比,WC总耗水量增大了41.4%~47.2%、平均日棵间蒸发量增大了4.4%~7.1%、棵间蒸发量占耗水量的比例增大了7.8%~9.7%,WCM总耗水量增大了34.5%~46%、平均日棵间蒸发量增大了0.8%~2.6%、棵间蒸发量占耗水量的比例降低了2.0%~2.6%.同种种植模式内,随灌水量增加,总耗水量增大、棵间蒸发量占耗水量的比例减小.据此认为小麦高留茬覆盖是提高绿洲灌区间作土壤水分的有效途径之一.A field experiment was carried out in this study,in order to investigate the water consumption characteristics of four cropping patterns under three water supply levels.The cropping patterns were sole cropping wheat（SW）,sole cropping corn（SC）,wheat corn intercropping with wheat-stubble mulching（WCM） and wheat corn intercropping without wheat-stubble mulching（WC）.The results showed as follows：the water consumption of different cropping patterns was in the order of WCWCMSCSW.Comparing to the weighted mean of SW and WC correspondingly,the total water consumption,daily soil evaporation and the ratio of soil evaporation to water consumption of WC was increased by 41.4 %~47.2 %,4.4 %~7.1 % and 7.8 %~9.7 % respectively,the total water consumption,daily evaporation of WCM was increased by 34.5 %~46 % and 0.8 %~2.6 % respectively,but the ratio of soil evaporation to water consumption was decreased by 2.0 %~2.6 %.Under the same cropping pattern,the water consumption increased while the ratio of soil evaporation to water consumption decreased along with the increasing of irrigation quantity.The results indicated that wheat-stubble mulching is an effective way to improve the soil water utilization rate under intercropping pattern in the oasis area.

关 键 词：灌水量 留茬 小麦间作玉米 耗水量 棵间蒸发 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]