山东省孕妇自测健康与应对方式及社会支持的调查  

Investigation on self-rated health,coping styles and social support among pregnant women in Shandong province

作　　者：王爱华[1] 陆虹[2] 周文丽[3] 刘玉英[4] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院护理学院,山东潍坊261042 [2]北京大学护理学院 [3]博兴县人民医院妇产科 [4]淄博市妇幼保健院产科

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2010年第8期38-40,共3页

基　　金：2007年山东省人口和计划生育委员会资助项目(200712)

摘　　要：目的探讨孕妇应对方式、社会支持及自测健康水平,为孕期保健提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法抽取在山东省3所医院行产前检查的孕妇292人,采用自测健康量表、应对方式量表和社会支持量表进行问卷调查,依次与广东、江苏及湖南省同类资料比较。结果山东省孕妇生理、心理、社会健康子量表和总量表得分中等偏上,其中生理、心理健康子量表和总量表得分显著低于广东省孕妇(均P<0.01);山东省孕妇解决问题、自责、合理化、退避、幻想5个因子使用频率显著高于江苏省孕妇;山东省孕妇的客观支持、支持利用度得分显著低于湖南省孕妇(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论山东省孕妇妊娠期健康状况处于中等偏上水平,在面对应激事件或环境时多采用成熟型的应对方式,不成熟的应对方式仍占一定比例,护理人员应加强相关指导,帮助孕妇积极有效地处理压力。Objective To comprehend coping styles,social support and self-rated health among pregnant women,and to provide information for pregnancy care.Methods A total of 292 pregnant women who were having prenatal examination in 3 hospitals of Shandong province were investigated by using a self-rated health measurement scale,a coping styles scale,and a social support scale.The collected data were compared with data of previous studies conducted in Guangdong,Jiangsu,and Hunan province.Results The scores of self-perceived physical health,psychological health,social health,and total score of self-rated health were slightly above medium level.The scores of self-perceived physical health,psychological health,total score of self-rated health achieved by pregnant women in Shandong province were significantly lower than those achieved by Guangdong counterparts （ P〈0.01 for all）.Such coping styles as problem solving,self-blaming,rationalization,social withdrawal,and wishful thinking were more frequently used by pregnant women in Shandong province than by Jiangsu counterparts;pregnant women in Shandong province had lower scores of objective support and utilization of support than Hunan counterparts did（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.Conclusion The self-rated health of pregnant women in Shandong province are slightly above medium level,and they tend to exercise mature coping styles if confronted with stressful events or environment.They also use some sort of immature coping styles.Nurses should give more guidance and help them positively handle pressure.

关 键 词：孕妇 应对方式 健康 自测健康状况 社会支持 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]