长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对红壤水稻土化学和生物化学性质的影响  

Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizer,pig manure,and rice straw on chemical and biochemical properties of reddish paddy soil

作　　者：鲁艳红[1,2,3] 杨曾平[1,2,3] 郑圣先[2,3] 廖育林[1,2,3] 聂军[2,3] 谢坚[1,2] 向艳文[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源与环境学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [3]农业部望城红壤水稻土生态环境重点野外科学观测实验站,长沙410125

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第4期921-929,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09;2008BADA4B08);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目(Hunan-14)资助

摘　　要：2005年和2007年分别从望城县已建立27年的肥力定位试验田内采集土壤样品,测定土壤有机碳(TOC)、全N、速效N、速效P、微生物生物量碳、氮(Cmic、Nmic)及土壤呼吸和酶活性,研究长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对土壤化学和生物化学性质的影响.结果表明:长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草处理的土壤pH值与试验前相比均有所下降,电导率(EC)变化不大.化肥与猪粪、稻草配施处理的TOC、全N、速效N、速效P、土壤呼吸、Cmic、Nmic和酶活性均高于不施肥(CK)和单施化肥处理;化肥与猪粪、稻草配施处理的水稻产量也高于单施化肥处理.在研究期间,NK化肥与猪粪、NPK化肥与稻草配施处理的Cmic/TOC大于相应的单施化肥处理.各处理土壤生物化学性质与TOC和养分含量呈正相关(P<0.01).猪粪、稻草与化肥长期配合施用能显著改善土壤化学和生物化学性质,提高土壤质量和土壤肥力.In 2005 and 2007,soil samples were collected from a 27-year experimental field in Wangcheng County of Hunan Province to study the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers（CF） and their combinations with pig manure（PM） and rice straw（RS） on the chemical and biochemical properties of reddish paddy soil（Typic Haplic-Stagnic Anthrosis）.Under the fertilization,soil pH had somewhat decrease,and soil conductivity changed less,compared with those before the experiment was installed.The contents of soil total organic carbon（TOC）,total N,available N and P,and microbial biomass C（Cmic） and N（Nmic）,soil respiration rate,and activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,invertase,and dehydrogenase were all higher in treatments CF ＋ PM and CF ＋ RS than in treatments CF and CK,and the Cmic/TOC ratio was higher in treatments CF ＋ PM and CF ＋ RS than in treatment CF.During the study period,applying CF alone induced a lower rice yield than the application of CF plus PM or RS.There were significant positive correlations（P0.01） between soil biochemical properties and soil TOC and nutrient contents.It was concluded that long-term application of CF combined with PM and RS improved the soil chemical and biochemical properties,being an effective measure to improve the quality and fertility of reddish paddy soil.

关 键 词：长期施肥 有机碳 土壤酶活性 微生物生物量 代谢熵 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]