论析美国分立政府运作争议——以公共行政与政策为分析视角  

Controversies over the Consequences of Divided Government in American Politics——The Perspective of Public Administration and Policy

作　　者：李文俊[1] 王坚德[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院

出　　处：《文史博览（理论）》2010年第1期4-8,共5页

摘　　要：探讨美国分立政府与一致政府相关议题已成为政治学界研究的主流之一。本文着重于公共行政与政策方面,旨在检视分立政府与一致政府运作的影响差异。其主要呈现在六个面向:其一,法案制定过程的顺畅与否;其二,法案品质良莠的争辩;其三,国防政策与外交政策的拟定;其四,不同政策法案之间的延续性争议;其五,总体经济表现的差异,以及财政赤字窜升的问题;其六,议会的监督权限,是否对于行政部门过度行使调查权。关于一致政府与分立政府的体制运作及其影响,迄今仍未发展出一套周全的学说,足以为多数学界所认同。换言之,相对于一致政府的运作,分立政府是否较易导致政策滞塞、停顿与缺乏效率,以及行政与立法部门之间的僵局,仍是众说纷纭,莫衷一是。The research on ＂divided government＂ and ＂unified government＂ has become one of the salient issues in polities. This study focuses on public administration and policy, examining the consequences for it of divided and unified government. The paper examines the following issues： 1） whether or not the proeess of law making experiences gridlock; 2） arguments on the quality of legislation; 3） the conduct of defense and foreign policies under divided government; 4） debates about coherence across policies; 5） differences in performance and the problem of rising fiscal deficits;6） highly public investigations in which congressional committees expose alleged misbehavior in the executive branch;Research on the consequences of divided government has produced some interesting findings and stimulated several lively controversies. In other words,the question--do policy gridlock, stalemate, deadlock, and inefficiency arise under divided government？ --remains contentious. This study concludes that divided government is an important issue in the study of public administration and policy, and is deserving of further academic attention from a comparative perspective.

关 键 词：分立政府 政党政治 一致政府 政策制定 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]