汉语宾语关系从句加工优势论——来自失语症研究的证据  

The Superiority of Processing Chinese Object-extracted Relative Clause:Evidence from Aphasic Studies

作　　者：周统权[1,2] 郑伟[3] 舒华[1] 杨亦鸣[4,5] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]华中师范大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]中国矿业大学外语学院英语系(徐州),江苏徐州221009 [4]徐州师范大学语言研究所,江苏徐州221009 [5]江苏省语言科学与神经认知工程重点实验室,江苏徐州221009

出　　处：《语言科学》2010年第3期225-243,共19页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(06BYY020);江苏省哲学社会科学"十一五"规划基金项目(06JSBYY006);江苏省"六大人才高峰"资助项目(07-A-019);江苏省"青蓝工程"(科技创新团队)资助项目;教育部人文社会科学研究"十一五"规划项目(07JA740027)的支持

摘　　要：关系从句是语言中最复杂的句法结构之一,主、宾语提取的关系从句历来成为语言学家和心理学家研究句法复杂性的重要课题。本文以两个失语者LY和YP为研究对象,通过三个实验考察了汉语主、宾语关系从句的理解加工情况。结果发现:1)汉语主语关系从句比宾语关系从句的理解难度大,表明存在宾语关系从句加工优势现象,否定了"主语关系从句加工优势论"普遍性假说;2)控制从句主语和/或宾语名词的语义特征可以改变主、宾语关系从句的难度差别,这就是所谓的关键名词的生命性效应和人称代词效应,这两种效应都具有语言普遍性。针对现有失语症理解加工假说的不足之处,最后提出了基于句法复杂性的神经表征假说——论元跨越假说,以期对本文的实验结果和类似的理解加工问题作出更全面、更合理的阐释。Relative clauses are one of the most complicated structures in language, and the sub- ject-and object-extracted clauses have been taken by linguists and psychologists as the key topic in studying syntactic complexities. This paper studies two Chinese aphasic patients~ （LY and YP） com- prehension of the two clauses in three experiments. The results show that （1） Chinese subject-extrac- ted clauses are harder to comprehend than object-extracted clauses, which proves the likelyhood of the superority of processing Chinese object-extracted relative clause and simuletaneously rejects the uni- versally accepted subject preference in processing relative clauses; （2） the controlling of the subject and/or object NP＇s semantic features will chage the difficulty level of of the two types of clause＇s comprehension, which is the so called ＂the animaey effect of key NP and personal pronoun effect of key NP＂ respectively, both working for all languages. Since the current three hypotheses regarding aphasic comprehension of complex structures fail to explain the present data adequately, we put forward a complex syntax-based neural representing hypothesis-the Argument Crossing Hypothesis to better account for the experimental data and the comprehension of similar complex structures.

关 键 词：主语 宾语 关系从句 理解 失语症 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]