HIV传统检测和快速检测对随访率影响的研究  

Study on HIV traditional ELISA test and rapid test in relation with their follow up rates

作　　者：林麒[1] 卫大英[2] 段松[3] 石国勇[4] 伦文辉[5] 杨郁君 孙先国[1] 李星美[6] 姚均[6] 

机构地区：[1]张家界市疾病预防控制中心,湖南张家界427000 [2]凉山彝族自治州疾病预防控制中心,四川西昌615000 [3]德宏州疾病预防控制中心,云南德宏678400 [4]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410000 [5]北京地坛医院,北京100011 [6]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2010年第2期160-163,共4页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

基　　金：全球艾滋病基金第四轮(编号:2005GF4RW001)~~

摘　　要：目的了解传统的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测和快速检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体,作为初筛手段对随访率的影响是否有显著性差别,并探讨影响随访率的因素,为在我国推广和开展有效的艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)模式提供参考。方法采用前瞻性调查和回顾性研究两种方法,以访谈和问卷方式,调查所有求询者及统计既往资料。结果快速检测使咨询者从采血到获得检测结果的时间平均只需要1个小时,其随访率达到97%,而传统的ELISA检测平均时间为4天,随访率只有74%,影响了检测后咨询;同样采用ELISA检测方法,性病艾滋病门诊的随访率为92%,而其他疾病预防控制中心VCT点上的平均随访率为65.4%;年龄以及受教育的程度也是影响随访率的因素。结论为了提高HIV检测的随访率,在基层VCT点上,建议用快速检测替代ELISA检测。同时,应该在医院性病艾滋病门诊多设VCT点。Objective To find out whether there is significant difference between the follow-up rates of HIV traditional ELISA test and rapid test as a screening tool, and to explore the factors that influence the follow-up rate, and to provide valuable information for developing appropriate VCT models in this country. Methods Prospective and retrospective studies were used. All the VCT visitors were investigated by face to face interviews and questionnaires, and previous available data was analyzed. Results The average time to get a test result of the rapid detection was only 1 hour, with a follow-up rate of 97%, whereas the time for the traditional ELISA was 4 days with a follow up rate of 74% , which affected the post-test consultation. Even with the same enzyme-linked detection methods, the 92% follow-up rate in STD AIDS clinics was far higher than that of 65.4% in other CDC based VCT clinics. Age and education were also factors influencing the follow-up rate. Conclusion In order to improve the follow up rates of HIV tests in grassroots VCT clinics , it is recommended to use rapid tests instead of traditional ELISA. At the same time, it would be desirable to set up more VCT rooms in hospital based STD AIDS clinics .

关 键 词：艾滋病自愿咨询检测 酶联免疫吸附试验 快速检测 随访率 

分 类 号：R519.91[医药卫生—内科学]