正渗透原理及浓差极化现象  

Forward Osmosis and Concentration Polarization

作　　者：李刚[1] 李雪梅[1] 柳越[1] 王铎[2] 何涛[1] 高从堦[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学化学化工学院材料化学工程国家重点实验室,南京210009 [2]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《化学进展》2010年第5期812-821,共10页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2009CB623402);材料化学工程国家重点实验室基金项目(No.38901120)资助

摘　　要：本文介绍了正渗透的基本原理,减压渗透在能源转化中的工作原理,并与反渗透进行了比较。阐述了正渗透实际的膜性能远低于预期的现象,以及造成该现象的理论基础;详细描述了非对称膜的浓差极化模型,指出了避免外浓差极化的方法;从膜材料的结构设计角度总结出了减弱内浓差极化的途径,从而为正渗透膜材料的制备和应用提供了理论基础。The basis of forward osmosis （FO） as well as the principle of pressure retarded osmosis （PRO） are introduced and compared with reverse osmosis （RO）. The phenomenon and theory that actual permeability in FO is far below theoretical permeability are described. The models describing the concentration polarization in asymmetric membranes are summarized. Several methods are introduced to decrease the external concentration polarization. Approaches to attenuate the internal concentration polarization based on the structure design of membrane materials are presented. The review provides a theoretical basis for preparation and application of FO membrane materials.

关 键 词：正渗透 反渗透 减压渗透 内浓差极化 外浓差极化 

分 类 号：O645.14[理学—物理化学]