膜上灌对河西绿洲灌区玉米水分利用效率和产量的影响  

Effects on WUE and Yield of Maize with Hole Irrigation in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Region

作　　者：张永玲[1] 肖让[1] 成自勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2010年第5期9-10,14,共3页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家高科技农业"863"计划:北方干旱内陆河灌区(甘肃张掖)节水农业综合技术体系集成与示范(2002AA6Z4191)

摘　　要：以不覆膜常规畦灌为对照,研究了膜上灌对河西绿洲灌区玉米水分利用效率和产量构成要素的影响。研究结果表明:全生育期内膜上灌玉米和对照玉米的耗水量差异达到显著水平,且宽膜膜上灌耗水量比窄膜膜上灌低;膜上灌处理的穗长和穗粗分别比对照高0.77 cm和0.32 cm,穗行数比对照多0.5行,行粒数比对照多2粒,穗粒重增加41.43 g/穗;宽膜膜上灌的穗长和穗粗比窄膜膜上灌的高0.12 cm和0.26 cm,同时,穗行数多0.06行,行粒数多0.85粒,穗粒重增加19.22 g/穗。宽膜和窄膜膜上灌的水分利用效率(WUE)分别为2.38 kg/m3和1.95 kg/m3,为对照WUE的1.86倍和1.66倍;产量分别为15 378.55 kg/hm2和12 706.40 kg/hm2,比对照提高40.65%和16.21%。经统计分析,宽膜膜上灌处理的产量较对照和窄膜膜上灌处理差异达到显著水平。由此可见,宽、窄膜膜上灌的效应都比对照好,且宽膜效应好于窄膜膜上灌,适宜在该区推广和应用1.25 m宽膜覆盖膜上灌。Taking conventional border irrigation without plastic-mulching as CK,the effect on the WUE and yield of maize with hole irrigation in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Region was studied.The result showed： Water consumption in the whole growth period of maize with hole irrigation was significant to CK;the water consumption with 1.25 m plastic-mulching was lower than 0.75 m plastic-mulching.The length and the thickness per spike with hole irrigation was higher than CK by 0.77 cm and 0.32 cm respectively.The number of rows per spike was more than CK by 0.5 row,the number of grain per spike was more than CK by 2 grains,and the grain weight per spike was weightier by 41.43 g per spike,the length and the thickness per spike with 1.25 m plastic-mulching was higher than 0.75m plastic-mulching by 0.12cm and 0.26cm.In the same time,the number of rows per spike was more by 0.06 row,the number of grain per spike was more by 0.85 grains,and the grain weight per spike was weightier by 19.22 g.The WUE of 1.25 m and 0.75 m plastic-mulching was 2.38 kg/m3 and 1.95 kg/m3,and was 1.86 and 1.66 times of CK respectively.The yield of 1.25m and 0.75 m plastic-mulching was 15 378.55 kg/hm^2 and 12 706.40 kg/hm^2,and was increased by 40.65% and 16.21% to CK.The Yield of 1.25 m plastic-mulching was significant to 0.75 m plastic-mulching.The conclusion was drawn that the effect of 0.75 m and 1.25 m plastic-mulching was also better than CK,and the effect of 1.25 m plastic-mulching was better than 0.75 m plastic-mulching.Thus the pattern of 1.25 m plastic-mulching was worthwhile popularizing and applying in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Region.

关 键 词：膜上灌 玉米 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]