不同控释尿素的氮素释放特性及在甘蔗上的应用研究  

N-releasing characteristics of different kinds of controlled-release urea and their effects on the sugarcane

作　　者：王磊[1] 周柳强[2] 谢如林[2] 黄金生[2] 黄美福[2] 董文斌[3] 李伏生[1] 谭宏伟[4] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005 [2]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院蔬菜研究所,南宁530007 [4]广西农业科学院,南宁530007

出　　处：《广西农业科学》2010年第4期345-348,共4页Guangxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科学基金项目(桂科基0832035,0728066,0832202);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD05B06,2006BAD10B07,2008BAD4AB10-07);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目;广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(2006020,2007001Z)

摘　　要：采用大田试验与土壤中同步埋入肥包的方法,研究了不同控释尿素的氮素释放特性及在甘蔗上的应用效果。结果显示,树脂类包膜尿素养分释放过程用E1ovich方程拟合效果较好(r=0.9796**～0.9944**),该类肥料在释放前期养分释放强度大,但后期供肥能力略显不足,采用复合包膜对后期供肥有一定的作用;硫磺类包膜尿素的养分释放过程用抛物线扩散方程拟合效果较好(r=0.9914**～0.9973**),该类肥料在释放期内均能平稳供应养分,但单独施用难以满足甘蔗生长前期的养分需求;与普通尿素相比,施用控释尿素能使甘蔗增产5.00%～11.45%,氮素利用率提高7.50%～8.23%。生产上应结合不同控释尿素的养分释放特性及甘蔗生长需肥特点,按一定比例配施混合包膜尿素,实现养分供求平衡,达到控释肥料"减量、方便、高效"的施用目的。The present experiment was undertaken in order to study the N-releasing characteristics of different kinds of controlled-release urea and their effects on the sugarcane. Five treatments, vie. CK, normal urea, resin coated urea, sulfur coated urea and the mixture of the coated urea have been applied in the sugarcane field, and the fertilizer packages were buried into field at the same time. The result showed that the Elovich equation could fit the process of N releasing from resin coated urea with good results （r=0.9796＊＊-0.9944＊＊）. It was found more N was released at the early stage, and less at a later stage. However, the wax/resin coated urea could make up the deficiency of resin coated urea. The process of N release from sulfur coated urea could be well fitted by the parabolic diffusion equation （r=0.9914＊＊-0.9973＊＊）. The sulfur coated urea released N stably, but hardly met the requirement of sugarcane growth at the early stage. Compared with the common urea, the controlled-release urea has increased the sugarcane yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency by 5.0- 11.4% and 7.5-8.2%, respectively. The different kinds of coated urea should be mixed in proper proportion in relation to the N-releasing characteristics of different controlled-release urea and the needs of sugarcane for fertilizers. It could realize balance between suooly and demand for nutrient and imorove the utilization efficiency of controlled-release fertilizers.

关 键 词：控释尿素 氮素释放特性 甘蔗产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S566.106.2[农业科学—作物学]