论干旱区非降水性陆面液态水分分量及其与土壤水分的关系  

On the Non-rained Land-surface Water Components and Their Relationship with Soil Moisture Content in Arid Region

作　　者：张强[1,2,3] 王胜[1,2] 曾剑[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化减灾重点实验室中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国气象科学院,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第3期392-400,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"黄土高原陆面过程观测试验研究(40830957)";国家自然科学基金面上项目"西北干旱荒漠区大气边界层厚度特征及其形成机制研究(40575006)"项目资助

摘　　要：雾、露水(或霜)、土壤吸附水、蒸馏水、毛管抽吸水、植物吐水等陆面液态水分分量是表层土壤的重要水分来源,在干旱和半干旱地区其贡献甚至超过了降水量,具有重要的水文学和生态学意义。在综合归纳以往陆面水分过程研究成果的基础上,分别从来自大气的向下水分输送过程和来自土壤的向上水分输送过程,分析各种非降水性陆面液态水分分量的输送特征和形成机制,给出区分和判别各种非降水性陆面液态水分分量的依据,探讨陆面液态水分分量与土壤水分、土壤水分参数和陆面蒸散之间的关系。The components of land-surface water, including fog water, dew water （or frost water）, soil-adsorbed water, distilled water, capillary water, guttation, etc, are the important water resources of surface soil and of important ecological and hydrological significance, especially in arid and semiarid regions where their contributions may exceed precipitation. These non-rained components of land-surface liquid water, on the one hand, are closely related to soil moisture content, soil particle size, soil organic matter content, soil surface area and soil thermal properties, on the other hand, are relevant to local micrometeorological variables, such as soil temperature, wind speed, and humidity and its gradient. In this paper, the formation mechanism and transport features of the non- rained components of land-surface water are analyzed based on the synthetic research results published in recent years. Then the criteria used to distinguish all of the non-rained components of land-surface water are given. Finally, the relationships between non-rained components of land-surface water and soil moisture, soil hydrological parameters and evapotranspiration are discussed. The results show that the formation and transport of non-rained components of land-surface liquid water are rather complicated. Moreover, there are many technical difficulties in field observation. For these reasons, the non-rained components of land-surface water are commonly referred to and studied without distinction, which often brings errors and confusions. Theoretically, there are currently two available approaches to identify and distinguish these components ： either through the calculations and judgments of a number of key indicators of atmospheric physics, or through the observed change of soil moisture content or leaf water. However, as mentioned above, many problems are accounted in practical observation and calculation. Conversely, accurate measurement of the amount of surface moisture change and rational calculation of various ph

关 键 词：表层土壤 雾 露水 土壤吸附水 毛管抽吸水 植物吐水 降水量 干旱区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]