黄土丘陵沟壑区生物土壤结皮理化性质  

Study on Physicochemical Properties of Biological Soil Crusts in the Hilly-gully Regions of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：王蕊[1] 朱清科[1] 卜楠[1] 秦伟[1,2] 安彦川[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第3期401-408,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BAD03A0302)

摘　　要：为了解黄土丘陵沟壑区生物结皮发育过程中理化性质的变化，分析了不同盖度水平结皮的机械组成、养分、化学元素以及土壤因子与生物结皮盖度的相关性和结皮发育过程中土壤因子之间的相互作用。结果表明：随着结皮的发育，土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均呈增长趋势，pH值则相反；土壤细砂粒含量（0．25～0．05mm）减少，粗粉粒（0．05～0．01mm）含量增加；土壤中的化学元素含量也呈增加趋势。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、pH值、细砂粒、粗粉粒、Ca，Mg，Na和Fe含量与生物结皮的形成发育密切相关（P〈0．01）。此外，各土壤因子之间存在着相关关系，特别是粗粉粒含量和pH值，与其他因子有显著的相关性。Biological soil crusts is extensively distributed in arid and semiarid regions, and it is a complex mixture of cyanobacteria, green algae, phycolichens, mosses, liverworts, fungi and bacteria. Biological soil crusts performs many ecological functions, including the improvement of soil structure, protection of soil surface from water and wind erosion, increase of water infiltration and retention, and habitat supply for other species. It is of great significance to research the ecological role of biological soil crusts in the Loess Plateau with the severe natural conditions and fragile environment in China. Based on the field investigation in Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province in July 2008 and the laboratory analysis, this paper studies the soil mechanical composition, soil nutrients and chemical elements of biological soil crusts with different coverage, relationship between soil factors and biological soil crusts coverage, and interrelation among soil factors during the development of biological soil crusts for the purpose of understanding the change of physicochemical properties of biological soil crusts in the course of its development in hilly-gully regions of the Loess Plateau. The results show that the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are increased with the development of biological soil crust, but the pH value is decreased. The increase of total nitrogen content is the highest, but that of available soil nutrient content was less. The biological soil crusts in the hilly-gully regions of the Loess Plateau is mainly composed of the fine sand （0.25 -0.05 mm in grain size） and coarse silt （0.05 -0.01 mm）, and their proportion accounts for about 80%. During the development of biological soil crust, the proportion of fine sand （0.25 -0.05 ram） is increased, but that of coarse silt （0.05 -0.01 ram） is decreased. With the increase of biological soil crusts coverage, the contents of soil chemical elements includi

关 键 词：生物土壤结皮 土壤理化性质 结皮盖度 黄土丘陵沟壑区 吴起县 陕西 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]