青海湖主要集群繁殖鸟类巢区分布及其生境特征  

Distribution and Characteristics of Habitats of Nest Colonies of Bird Species in Qinghai Lake

作　　者：侯元生 崔鹏[2] 星智 何玉邦 尹祚华[2] 雷富民[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海湖国家级自然保护区管理局,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《野生动物》2010年第3期131-134,共4页

基　　金：中国科学院领域前沿项目(KSCX2-YW-N-063);十一五信息化专项(INFO-115-D02);加拿大IDRC项目等支持

摘　　要：我们于2007年和2008年的4～7月,对青海湖4种主要繁殖鸟类:斑头雁、棕头鸥、普通鸬鹚、渔鸥的巢区进行了调查,发现4种鸟类的巢区主要分布在岛屿或半岛上。共发现10个巢区,分布在蛋岛、鸬鹚岛、海心山、三块石和布哈河三角洲5个地点。巢区平均面积为44.8±44.2 hm^2,巢的平均数量为1 002±715个。4种鸟类中以斑头雁的巢最为密集。巢区与周围环境的隔离和受保护程度是影响巢区分布的最主要因素。巢区地表结构主要为沙土和砾石,几乎无植被覆盖。繁殖生境丧失和食物资源短缺可能是影响4种繁殖鸟类生存的最主要的因素,禽流感疫病的发生对这些繁殖鸟类构成了新的威胁。在以后的监测和保护工作中要加强生态环境的治理,注意合理开发利用青海湖的自然资源,并加强禽流感的病源监测和鸟类保护的宣传工作。Nest colonies of 4 species of birds,breeding mainly in Qinghai Lake：bar - headed goose（Anser indicus）, brown - headed gull（Larus brunnicephalus）,great black - headed gull（Larus ichthyaetus） and great cormorant（Phalarcrocoras carbo）,were surveyed from Aprill to August,2007 and 2008.All nests were located on 4 islands and one byland：Egg island,Luci island,Sankuaishi island,Haixinshan island and Buhahe Delta,10 nest colonies altogether.Average size of the colony was 44.8±44.2 hm^2 and average number of nests was 1 002±715.The most important factor influencing the colony selection was isolation of the colony and colonies were located on open ground with sand and rock and density of nests of the bar-headed geese was the highest.Main factors influencing their viability were lost of habitats and lack of food.Outbreak of avian influenza became the new threat to their viability.Ecological restoration and reasonable exploitation in Qinghai Lake were essential in future conservation of these birds.

关 键 词：青海湖 集群繁殖 巢区选择 禽流感 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]