绿木霉菌株TY009防治纹枯病等水稻主要真菌病害的潜力  

Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma virens Strain TY009 Against Rice Sheath Blight and Other Main Fungal Diseases

作　　者：刘路宁[1] 屠艳拉[1] 张敬泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院生物技术研究所,杭州310029

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第10期2031-2038,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(Y3080070);浙江省教育厅科研项目(20061371)

摘　　要：【目的】研究绿木霉(Trichoderma virens)菌株TY009对水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病和稻曲病菌作用效果,以及其代谢产物胶霉毒素在不同温度和pH条件下的活性稳定性,评价菌株TY009防治水稻纹枯病和其它水稻主要真菌病害的生防潜力。【方法】用色谱法从绿木霉菌株TY009培养液中分离、纯化出胶霉毒素;采用对峙培养方法测定菌株TY009对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用;采用常规抑制方法测定其代谢产物胶霉毒素对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝生长、菌核萌发的抑制作用,以及对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发、附着胞形成和稻曲病菌孢子萌发和次生孢子形成的影响;在不同温度、pH条件下测定胶霉毒素生物活性的变化。【结果】菌株TY009对水稻纹枯病菌有显著的拮抗作用。150μg·mL-1胶霉毒素完全抑制水稻纹枯病菌的菌丝生长;160μg·mL-1胶霉毒素处理菌核4h后,完全抑制了水稻纹枯病菌菌核的萌发;50和10μg·mL-1胶霉毒素分别完全抑制稻瘟病菌分生孢子萌发和附着胞的形成;1.0μg·mL-1胶霉毒素完全抑制稻曲病菌分生孢子萌发和次生孢子的形成。胶霉毒素在100℃处理60min后,其对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝的生物活性没有改变;在pH值大于6.0时,0.5μg·mL-1胶霉毒素对稻曲病分生孢子没有明显的生物活性,但低的pH孢子悬浮液中,胶霉毒素显著抑制分生孢子萌发和次生孢子的形成。【结论】绿木霉(T.virens)菌株TY009拥有多种生防机制,是一个潜在的、有效的生防菌株,具有应用防治水稻纹枯病并兼防稻瘟病和稻曲病的潜力。【Objective】 Biocontrol potential of strain TY009 was assessed in the round by its antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani as well as Magnaporthe oryza and Ustilaginoidea virens,including the effect of pH and heat on its stability of gliotoxon. 【Method】 Gliotoxin was seperated from liquid media of Trichoderma virens strain TY009 and it was purified by chromatographic methods. Antagonistic action of strain TY009 against R. solani was determined by dual culture assay. The inhibitory activities of gliotoxin against the hypha growth and sclerotial germination of R. solani,conidial germination and appressorial formation of M. oryza and conidial germination and secondary conidium formation of U. virens,were assessed in laboratory,including the effects of heat and pH on bioactivity of gliotoxin. 【Result】 The antagonism of strain TY009 against R. solani was significant. The inhibitory activities of gliotoxin demonstrated that there was no hypha growth of R. solani in 150 μg·mL-1 of gliotoxin solution and sclerotial germination which was treated for 4 h in 160 μg·mL^-1. There was no conidial germination and appressoria formation of M. oryza in 50 and 10 μg·mL^-1of gliotoxin solution,respectively,and no conidial germination and secondary spore formation of U. virens in 1.0 μg·mL^-1. The bioactivity of gliotoxin against the hyphae of R. solani did not change at 100℃ for 1 h,but in condium suspension of U. virens with 0.5 μg·mL^-1 of gliotoxin,the bioactivity of gliotoxin against conidial germination and secondary conidium formation was not significant in the conidium suspension with a pH greater than 6.0 and significant with low pH. 【Conclusion】 T. virens strain TY009 possesses multiple mechanisms of antifungal activity and it is considered to be a potential biological control agent for biocontrol of rice sheath blight and,rice blast and rice false smut

关 键 词：绿木霉菌 生物防治 水稻纹枯病 稻瘟病 稻曲病 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]