外来种黑荆树的群落特征及其对物种多样性的影响  

Community feature and species diversity of Acacia mearnsii communities in Wenzhou

作　　者：柯倩倩[1,2] 南康武[1] 郑思思[1] 冯幼义[1] 胡仁勇[1] 丁炳扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325035 [2]温州中学,浙江温州325014

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（理学版）》2010年第3期324-329,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University（Science Edition）

基　　金：浙江省新苗计划项目(2007R40G2250013);温州市科技计划项目(S2004A015)

摘　　要：以温州地区黑荆树(Acacia mearnsii)入侵群落为对象,采用样方法对10个样地进行了群落学调查,研究其群落的种类组成、区系特点、数量特征和物种多样性,探讨了黑荆树对群落物种多样性的影响.结果表明:①群落中共出现了225种维管束植物,分属于77科162属;②在种子植物属的分布区类型上,属于热带类型的有74属,占总属数的51.10%;温带类型50属,占总属数的34.48%;③群落可分为3种类型,其成层现象不明显,上木层中以黑荆树的优势度最大;下木层的物种丰富,各样地黑荆树的重要值有较大差异;草本层密度大,其中芒萁等蕨类植物占比较大的优势;④在常绿阔叶林样地中,群落的Simpson指数及Shannon-Wiener指数与黑荆树重要值成负相关,这与人为影响、其自身特性和自然恢复过程有关;⑤目前,温州的黑荆树群落在人工林部分砍伐后开始的次生演替还处在初级阶段,要自然恢复到近原生植被的面貌还需很长时间.Ten Acacia mearnsii invaded communities in Wenzhou were investigated by quadrate sampling method,the species floristic composition,flora characteristics,quantitative traits of Acacia mearnsii communities in those area were analyzed,the influence of the communities speciese diversity caused by the Acacia mearnsii was discussed also.The results showed that： ①the species,there are total 225 vascular plants belonging to 162 genera in 77 families in communities;②in term of seed plant of genera areal-types,74 genera belong to tropical elements（51.10%） while 50 genera relate to temperate zone（34.48%）;③the community structure,the story is not obvious,and Acacia mearnsii shows its great dominance in the canopy layer;whilst in the understory layer,species are rich and the importance value of Acacia mearnsii among different communities is different,and density is high in the herb layer where fern such as Dicranopteris pedata shows its greater dominance;④the correlation,in the evergreen broad-leaved communities,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index correlated with the importance value of Acacia mearnsii negatively,which is attributed by human impact,characteristics of Acacia mearnsii and natural restoration process of the communities itself;⑤The hewed forest plantation of Acacian mearnsii communities in Wenzhou are at the typical secondary vegetation presently,and its restoration to the original physiognomy need a long time yet.

关 键 词：黑荆树 区系分析 聚类分析 物种多样性 温州 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]