不同饲喂方式和温度对长角血蜱甘肃株生物学特性的影响  

Effects of Different Feeding Mode and Temperature on Biological Characteristics of Haemaphysalis Longicornis

作　　者：李知新[1,2] 刘光远[1] 田占成[1] 谢俊仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所家畜疫原病原生物学国家重点实验室甘肃省兽医寄生虫学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730046 [2]宁夏动物疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2010年第5期26-31,共6页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家科技基础平台项目(2005DKA21205-3);国家高新技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2006AA10A207);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(32S041-A25-035)

摘　　要：在不同饲喂方式和温度条件下,观察我国北方长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)甘肃株的生活史及对其生物学特性的影响。将试验蜱分组后置于不同饲喂方式和温度下,待其发育到下一阶段,叮咬实验动物,连续调查其发育阶段的生物学特性。研究发现,完成一个世代需101 d～148 d。成年饥饿雌蜱吸血期具有两个显著特征:缓慢吸血和快速吸血;经兔体叮咬的成年雌蜱其饱血体重小于羊体。不同饲喂条件下长角血蜱饱血体重、产卵量差异极显著(P<0.01);在一定温度范围内,幼蜱、若蜱的蜕变时间随温度的升高而缩短;当饱血雌蜱处于发育阶段时,产卵前期、产卵期及卵的孵化期均随着温度的升高而缩短;16℃～30℃条件下长角血蜱产卵量没有变化,利于蜱的存活;4℃以下和45℃以上饱血蜱及其后代不能存活;16℃以下蜱的发育周期延长。结果表明,长角血蜱为三宿主蜱;雄蜱可以帮助雌蜱吸血;在羊体上的吸血能力优于在兔体上的吸血能力;温度对长角血蜱的发育繁殖有影响。The studies of Haemaphysalis longicornis life cycle and effects on biological characteristic in northern China were observed under the different feeding modes and temperature conditions.The ticks were placed at different temperature and humidity,and experimental animals were bitten by ticks,and then the biological characteristics of ticks were investigated continuously.The duration of engorged female adults to next generation was 101-148 d.The tick feeding was characterized as slow feeding phase and rapid feeding phase.The body weight and egg mass of this strain were significantly different in different feeding（P〈0.01）.When the temperature was increased at a fixed range,the molting time of larva and nymph became reduced,the ovipositing period of adults and the incubation period of eggs were also reduced.The fecundity of an adult was not significantly changed at the range of 16 ℃ to 30 ℃.The engorged ticks couldn＇t live under 4 ℃ degree and up 45 ℃ degree,the developmental cycle of the strain was extended under 16 ℃ degree.The result showed that three hosts were needed in one generation of H.longicornis,male tick can help female tick to feed.The bloodsucking ability of ticks on sheep excelled than that of rabbits.The temperature factor can influence the life cycle of H.longicornis.

关 键 词：长角血蜱 生物学特性 温度 饲喂方式 

分 类 号：S852.746[农业科学—基础兽医学]