陕北地区土地利用变化影响土壤入渗性能试验研究  

Influence of Land Use Change on Soil Infiltration Behaviors in North Shaanxi Area

作　　者：李鹏[1] 李占斌[1,2] 鲁克新[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]中科院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西安理工大学学报》2010年第1期7-12,共6页Journal of Xi'an University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40971161);陕西省自然科学基金重点资助项目(SJ08-ZD02)

摘　　要：陕北地区为典型的生态脆弱地区,近年来随着当地社会经济的快速发展,土地利用条件发生了深刻变化。科学认识土地利用变化对降雨入渗等水文特征影响,对于科学指导当地的生态环境建设具有重要意义。论文通过模拟降雨试验,对几种主要土地利用类型的降雨入渗特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,在原状土坡面上,雨强和坡度对土壤入渗性能产生影响。随着雨强的增大,单位雨强入渗率明显降低,其有效入渗雨量降低;坡度越大土壤的入渗性能也相应降低。在扰动土坡面上,土壤入渗性能总体有所增加,但是在较陡坡度条件下,扰动土坡面土壤入渗性能降低,坡面产流增加。非硬化路面的土壤入渗性能整体较低,加之坡面糙度较低,产流量和产流速度明显增加,增加了水土流失发生发展的动力条件。在生产实践中需要加强对扰动区以及非硬化道路路域水土保持防护。North Shaanxi area is the typical eco-volnerable region.Particularly in recent years,with the rapid socio-economiic development,there has been a deep change in land use conditions,scientifically recognizing the effect of land use change upon rainfall infiltration and hydrological features is of great significance for scientifically guding local eco-environment construction.This paper deals with the rainfall infiltration features of several types of land use via the test of simulation rainfall.The testing results indicated that the rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the undistubed slope surface can influence soil infiltration behaviors.With and increase in rainfall intensity,the infiltration rate of unit rainfall intensity is obviously decreased,whose available infiltrtion rainfall decreased;the greater the slope gradient is,the lower the soil infiltration behavior become.Soil infiltration behavior on the disturbed slope surface can increase in general,but in the case of steeper slope surface,soil infiltration behaviors on the disturbed slope surface decreased with the runoff increased on the slope sueface.Soil infiltration on the non-hargenness road surface is low on the whole.In addition,low roughness on the slope surface with an obvious increase in runoff and its flow velocity can increase dynamic condition for the occurrence and development of soil and water loss.Accordingly,in practical production,it is necessary to strengthen soil and water conservation measures in the disturbed zones and the non-hargenness raod area.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 土壤入渗性能 模拟降雨 陕北地区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]