焚烧源挥发性重金属的排放对周边土壤和植被污染的研究进展  

Current progress in research on the pollution of volatile heavy metals from incineration plant to its ambient soil and vegetation

作　　者：孔丝纺[1] 刘阳生[1,2] 曾辉[1,3] 解庆龙[1] 吕晓蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院,广东深圳518055 [2]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第4期985-990,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40830747);深圳市科技局"双百计划"项目

摘　　要：城市生活垃圾是一种成分复杂的混合废物,其中含有数量相当可观的重金属,采用焚烧法处理城市生活垃圾时,会有大量重金属因为高温而挥发进入烟气,一部分富集于焚烧飞灰中,而有少部分重金属因其挥发性较大而排放于大气中,最终随大气及雨水沉降而进入土壤和植被中,从而会对焚烧厂周边生态环境造成严重的危害。为了了解焚烧源挥发性重金属(汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)和砷(As))的排放对焚烧厂周边土壤和植被生态环境的污染状况,对近年来国内外学者在相关方面的研究状况进行了详细的文献综述,结果发现:国内学者对于焚烧源挥发性重金属的研究多限于焚烧中挥发性Hg对焚烧厂周边土壤的污染的调查研究,而对于焚烧源Cd、Pb、As对周边土壤和植被污染的调查研究相对较少;而国外学者已有的关于垃圾焚烧源重金属(Hg、Cd、Pb、As)对土壤和植被的污染研究只停留在重金属在土壤中的总的浓度和存在形态的研究,而对于挥发性重金属在焚烧源周边土壤和植被中的迁移转化规律方面的研究很缺乏,对于重金属污染物在土壤和植被中的蓄积及迁移转化规律研究较少。文章指出今后的研究应加强对挥发性重金属在焚烧厂周边土壤中的污染特征及其在土壤层以及植被中的蓄积总量和迁移转化机理的研究,这对于焚烧源挥发性重金属的污染防治以及对已被挥发性重金属污染的土壤和植被的生态修复具有重要的意义。Municipal solid waste（MSW）is a kind of mixed waste with complex compositions,which containing a plenty of heavy metals.When incineration method is adopted to dispose MSW,a large number of heavy metals would be evaporated into the smoke due to high temperature.Most of the heavy metals will be enriched into the fly ash.Meanwhile,a few of them emitted into the air and then finally deposit into the soil and vegetation,which will consequently cause serious harm to the ambient ecological environ-ment of incineration plant.In this paper,the current studies on the pollution of soil and vegetation around incineration plants caused by the emission of volatile heavy metals（Hydrargyrum（Hg）,Cadmium（Cd）,Plumbum（Pb）,and Arsenic（As）） were reviewed.The results showed that most researches in China were mainly confined to the soil pollution of Hg,while researches on the pollution of soil and vegetation around incineration plant caused by Cd,Pb,As were seldom conducted.Meanwhile,most researches at abroad mainly focus on the occurrences of heavy metals in the soil,while the accumulation,migration,and transformation rule of volatile heavy metals in soil and vegetation is not adequate,This study pointed out that the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the soil around incineration plants,especially the accumulation,migration and transformation rule of heavy metals in soil and vegetation should be strengthened in future.This is significant to control the emission of violate heavy metals and to remediate contaminated soil and vegetation around of incineration sites.

关 键 词：城市生活垃圾 焚烧源 挥发性重金属 土壤 植被 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503