近20a来嫩江流域土壤退化的初步研究  

Soil Degradation in Nenjiang Basin During Recent Twenty Years

作　　者：王凌河[1,2] 胡东来[2,3] 严登华[2] 王刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学土木水利学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200051

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第2期70-74,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"嫩江流域水循环演变对湿地生态演化的作用机制研究"(50779075)

摘　　要：结合全国第二次土壤普查的数据和野外试验,分析了嫩江流域近20a的土壤质量变化。研究结果表明,经过近20a的演化,土壤的质地发生变化,土壤中粉粒成分占近50%,基本没有变化,砂粒和黏粒的百分比发生变化,砂粒减少了22.95%,黏粒增加了50.09%。土壤质地主要以黏壤土和黏土为主,所占面积百分比分别为32.52%和66.51%。流域内壤土所占比例下降了17.54%,黏壤土和黏土分别增长了9.34%和8.20%。嫩江流域土壤中的有机质含量范围0.55%～12.26%,与普查数据比较呈下降趋势,下游开发地区的土壤中有机质含量下降趋势明显,上游有机质含量增加了27.14%,下游有机质含量减少了33.11%。嫩江流域未开发地区的土壤总体上未呈现严重的沙化趋势,但是嫩江下游的土壤沙化程度较上游严重,有机质的变化在流域空间分布上表现出明显的不同。Based on the data of the second national soil survey and the field investigations, the change of soil granularity and soil organic matter in Nenjiang basin during recent twenty years was analyzed by the mathematical statistical method and with the aid of GIS technology. Result showed that soil texture had changed. The percentage of silt was nearly 50 % and it had hardly any change during this period. However, the content of sand and clay were different from the survey result. Soil sand particle decreased by 22.95%, while clay particle increased by 50.09%. The soil texture was mainly clay loam and clay, with the area percentage being 32.52% and 66.51%, respectively. In Nenjiang basin, loam decreased by 17.45~, while clay loam and clay increased by 9.34% and 8.20%, respectively. Compared with the second national soil survey, soil organic matter showed a decreasing trend, in the range from 0.55% to 12.26%. The downward trend of soil organic matter in the lower Nenjiang basin was obviously reduced by 33.11%, but in the upper, soil organic matter increased by 27.14%. On the whole, the undeveloped soils in Nenjiang basin do not show serious desertifica- tion trend, but soil desertification in the lower region is more serious than in upper region. Soil organic matter has different results in different regions in Nenjiang basin.

关 键 词：嫩江流域 土壤质地 有机质 退化 变化 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]