太行山花岗片麻岩区坡面产流的影响因素分析  

Factors Influencing Surface Runoff in the Granitic Gneiss of Taihang Mountains

作　　者：肖登攀[1,2] 杨永辉[1] 韩淑敏[1] 樊彤[3] 马林[1,2] 王明磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]国家环境保护总局环境应急与事故调查中心,北京100035

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第2期114-118,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"滹沱河流域人工影响下的土地利用变化对径流减少的影响"(40871022);国际科技合作项目(2009DFA21690)

摘　　要：通过自制的截流铲截取坡面径流,对太行山花岗片麻岩区产流过程的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)雨强是启动产流的关键因素,当降雨强度大于特定值时才能产生地表径流,且随着坡度降低,地表产流所需雨强增大。当雨强达到产流后,径流量和降雨量成显著正相关,与雨强的相关性不显著。(2)地表径流量不随着集水面积的增加而增加,坡面强烈的入渗能力,使得上方来水在产流过程中渗入土壤。坡度是影响地表径流的又一关键因素,随着坡度的增加,地表径流量明显的增加。由于不同坡向土壤质地不同,使得阳坡地表径流量要明显多于阴坡,平均径流系数也比阴坡高。总体上,研究坡面径流系数均较小,以2m坡长为对象,最大径流系数仅为7.3%,说明坡面入渗能力很强,产流过程以入渗为主。By using a self-designed lysimeter to measure surface runoff on a slope in Taihang Mountains, we analyze the impacts of the factors influencing runoff in the Granitic Gneiss Region （GGR） of the mountainous area. The analysis shows that （1） rainfall intensity is a key factor for initiating runoff. Surface runoff occurs when rainfall intensity is above a critical value. The gentler the slope, the higher is the critical value of rain- fall intensity needed to initiate runoff. When rainfall intensity reaches a critical value, runoff becomes positively correlated with rainfall significantly. However, the correlation between runoff and rainfall intensity is insignificant. （2） Runoff does not increase with the increase in the catchment area. A strong slope infiltra- tion capacity enhances convergent runoff infiltration into soil. Surface slope is also a key factor influencing the process of runoff in the GGR area. With increased slope, surface runoff increases significantly. Since dif- ferent slope aspects have different soil textures, runoff on sun-ward slope is higher than that on shade-ward slope. The averaged runoff coefficient for sun-ward slope is higher than that for shade-ward slope as well. Generally, however, runoff coefficient is low in the study area. For instance, it has the maximum of 7.3% for a 2 meter-length slope. An important finding from the study is that there exists a very strong infiltration capacity on the GGR slope in the study area. This has a significant implication for understanding the mechanisms of surface runoff, infiltration, and groundwater recharge in the region.

关 键 词：地表径流 截流铲 坡面因子 径流系数 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]