轮作及不同施肥措施对春玉米生长、产量及水分利用的影响  

Effects of Long-term Rotation and Fertilization on the Growth,Yield and Water Use of Spring Maize

作　　者：张益望[1,2] 刘文兆[1] 王俊[3] 杨玉玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北大学城市与资源学系,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第2期124-128,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目"黄土高原旱作农田生产力及水分生态过程调控"(KZCX2-YW-424);国家科技支撑计划项目"高塬沟壑区农果林多元综合治理模式研究与示范"(2006BAD09B09)

摘　　要：依托24a轮作与施肥长期定位试验,重点对2007年不同轮作方式和施肥条件下春玉米生长、产量及水分利用状况进行了研究。结果表明,不同处理春玉米叶面积,生物量及籽粒产量有相同的变化规律,即在相同施肥条件下,玉米连作(CT)处理的叶面积、生物量以及籽粒产量均高于玉米轮作处理;在轮作(RT)条件下,叶面积、生物量以及籽粒产量均为:RT—NPM>RT—NPK>RT—NP;不同处理间总生物量及籽粒产量均有显著性差异;不同处理0—300cm土壤平均含水量在整个生育期先降低后升高,灌浆期降至最低,春玉米耗水量顺序为:CT—NPM>RT—NPM>RT—NPK>RT—NP;在相同施肥条件下,轮作处理的水分利用效率大于连作处理的水分利用效率;轮作不同施肥处理,RT—NPM处理的水分利用效率最高,RT—NP和RT—NPK处理的水分利用效率均较低。Based on 24 year rotation and fertilizer experiments, the effects of rotation and fertilization on the growth, yield and water consumption of spring maize were studied. Results showed that at the same fertilization level, leaf area, yield, and biomass of continuous cropping maize were higher than rotation treatment. Under the same rotation conditions, RT--NPM had the highest leaf area, yield, and biomass, RT--NPM was the second, and RT NP was the lowest. Yield and biomass of the three treatments were significantly different. The averaged soil water content in 0 300 cm layer decreased firstly and then increased in different development stages and eventually fell to the lowest level in the silking stage. The order of treatments, by water consumption of spring maize, was CT--NPM〉RT--NPM〉RT--NPK〉RT--P. The rotation maize had the highest water use efficiency, continuous cropping maize was in the second level, and RT--NP and RT--NPK were in the lowest level.

关 键 词：春玉米 连作 轮作 有机肥 产量 耗水量 

分 类 号：S513.06[农业科学—作物学]