江苏和浙江省15县（市）3～6岁儿童体格发育不良影响因素分析  

Analysis on influencing factors for stunting and underweight among children aged 3-6 years in 15 counties of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces

作　　者：杨晓亮[1] 叶荣伟[1] 郑俊池[1] 靳蕾[1] 刘建蒙[1] 任爱国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部生育健康研究所,100191

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2010年第5期506-509,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：目的分析江苏和浙江省15县（市）3～6岁农村儿童体格发育不良的影响因素。方法研究数据来源于北京大学医学部生育健康研究所2000年对江苏和浙江省15县（市）183295名3～6岁农村儿童随访研究和相关围产保健监测资料。采用WHO标准对儿童体格发育进行评价，结合儿童母亲的围产期健康资料和儿童出生资料分析儿童体格发育不良的影响因素。结果江苏和浙江省农村3—6岁儿童的平均生长迟缓率为7．95％，体重低下率为1．55％。儿童性别、出生体重、是否早产、儿童母亲身高、母亲初次孕检BMI、母亲文化程度、母亲职业与儿童体格发育不良明显相关。出生体重对儿童体重影响最大。出生体重〈22500、≥2500g儿童的体重低下率分别为7．77％、1．46％。低出生体重儿童发生体重低下的OR值为3．68（95％CI：3．11～4．37）。母亲身高对儿童身高影响最大，母亲身高〈155、155～160、160—165、≥165cm的儿童生长迟缓率分别为13，01％、8．76％、6．21％、4．14％。与母亲身高≥165cm的儿童相比，母亲身高〈155cm的儿童发生生长迟缓的OR值为3．08（95％CI：2．82～3．37）。结论出生体重和母亲身高是儿童体格发育的重要影响因素，为促进儿童体格发育应提高围产保健服务水平，改善孕妇营养状况。Objective To analyze the influencing factors for stunting and underweight among children aged 3-6 years in 15 counties of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces so as to provide reference for enhancing growth level among preschool children. Methods Data was from the 183 295 records of Children Follow-up Study Project carried out by the Institute of Reproductive and Child Heath of Peking University and the records of related perinatal health care surveillance system in rural areas of 15 counties/cities of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. WHO-NCHS standard was used to assess the childhood physical level of growth. Data of children＇ s birth and their mothers＇ perinatal health were correlated to determine influencing factors for childhood stunting and underweight. Results The average stunting rate was 7.95% and underweight rate was 1.55%. Sex, birth weight, preterm birth as well as maternal height, maternal BMI at the first prenatal visit, maternal education and occupation were significantly related to childhood stunting and underweight. Birth weight was the most important influencing factor for childhood underweight. For the groups whose birth weights were 〈2500 g and ≥2500 g, the rates of underweight were 7.77% and 1.46% respectively. Children with low birth weight were at higher risk for underweight （OR： 3.68,95% CI： 3.11-4.37）. Maternal height was the most important influencing factor for childhood stunting. For the groups whose mothers＇ heights were 〈155 cm, 155-160 cm, 160-165 cm and ≥165 cm, the stunting rates were 13.01%, 8.76%, 6.21% and 4.14% respectively. Compared with the ≥165 cm group, the 〈155 cm group was at higher risk for stunting （0R=3.08, 95% CI： 2.82-3.37）. Conclusion Birth weight and maternal height were key factors influencing the growth of children. Perinatal health care and the nutrition status of pregnant mothers should be improved to promote the growth level of preschool children.

关 键 词：发育不良 生长迟缓 低出生体重 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]